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TR
Handcrafted Feature Pipelines for Image Classification: A Comparative Study of HOG, LBP, and FFT within a Transfer-Learning-Style Workflow
Abstract
This study compares three handcrafted feature pipelines —HOG + histogram, LBP + statistics, and FFT + edge-density —within a transfer-learning-inspired workflow that employs an SVM classifier. Evaluation is performed on a balanced three-class image dataset (N = 1050; 350 images per class) using stratified 5-fold cross-validation and standard metrics (Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1, ROC-AUC). Results indicate clear performance differences. The LBP-based pipeline achieves the highest overall accuracy (99.52%) and the most consistent class-wise behavior (macro-AUC ≈ 0.996), reflecting strong texture discrimination. The HOG-based pipeline attains robust performance (93.71% accuracy; macro-AUC ≈ 0.953), especially where edge and shape cues dominate. In contrast, the FFT-based pipeline is less effective overall (76.95% accuracy; macro-AUC ≈ 0.827), with reduced separability for texture-complex or low-contrast images. ROC-AUC analyses corroborate these findings across all classes, confirming the superiority of LBP features in this setting. Collectively, the results clarify when texture-centric, edge-centric, or frequency-centric descriptors are most advantageous and provide empirical guidance for feature selection in transfer-learning-style image classification pipelines, particularly under computational or data constraints.
Keywords
Kaynakça
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Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
Sinyal İşleme
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yayımlanma Tarihi
24 Aralık 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi
30 Ekim 2025
Kabul Tarihi
17 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 1970 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2
APA
Avuçlu, E., & Sarı, F. (2025). Handcrafted Feature Pipelines for Image Classification: A Comparative Study of HOG, LBP, and FFT within a Transfer-Learning-Style Workflow. Aksaray University Journal of Science and Engineering, 9(2), 95-99. https://doi.org/10.29002/asujse.1813481