Atık Lastik Tozu Dolgulu NBR Kompozitlerin Koruyucu Eldivenlerin Kaplama Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi

Tevfik Han Okçuer; Necmettin Şahin; Lalehan Akyüz

doi:10.29002/asujse.1967028

EN TR

Effect of Waste Tire Powder Filled NBR Composites on the Coating Performance of Protective Gloves

Abstract

This study investigates the usability of a composite coating material produced from waste tire rubber and Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) to improve the protective performance of polymeric coatings used on industrial work gloves against mechanical risks. In addition, the study aims to contribute to the recycling of waste tire rubber, which is difficult to recycle after use. Composite coatings containing 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 wt.% waste tire powder were prepared in an NBR matrix and tested according to relevant standards. For comparative evaluation, titanium dioxide was incorporated as a filler material in both micro- and nano-sized forms. The produced gloves were subjected to abrasion, tear, and puncture tests, while the structural properties of the composite coatings were characterized using SEM, FTIR, and TGA analyses. The results showed that the composite coatings improved mechanical performance and that the performance varied depending on the amount of reinforcing material used.

Keywords

Thanks

We would like to thank Okçuerler Tekstil A.Ş. and the company owner, Vedat Okçuer, for allowing the use of their production facility and laboratory in this study.

Atık Lastik Tozu Dolgulu NBR Kompozitlerin Koruyucu Eldivenlerin Kaplama Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, iş sağlığı ve güvenliği kapsamında mekanik risklere karşı koruyucu olarak kullanılan endüstriyel iş eldivenlerinin polimerik yüzey kaplamasının performansını artırmak amacıyla, atık lastik kauçuğu ve Nitril Bütadien Kauçuk (NBR) kullanılarak oluşturulan kompozit kaplama malzemesinin kullanılabilirliğini araştırmaktır. Aynı zamanda, geri dönüşümü zor olan atık lastik kauçuklarının değerlendirilmesi yoluyla polimer atıkların geri kazanımına katkı sağlanması hedeflenmiştir. Bu kapsamda, NBR içerisine ağırlıkça %0, %2.5, %5, %10 ve %15 oranlarında atık lastik tozu ilave edilerek kompozit kaplamalar hazırlanmış ve mekanik risklere karşı koruyucu eldiven standartlarına göre test edilmiştir. Ayrıca, karşılaştırmalı değerlendirme amacıyla dolgu malzemesi olarak kullanılan titanyum dioksit mikro ve nano boyutlarda uygulanmıştır. Üretilen eldivenler aşınma, yırtılma ve delinme testlerine tabi tutulmuş, kompozit kaplamaların yapısal özellikleri ise SEM, FTIR ve TGA analizleri ile incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, kompozit kaplamaların mekanik performansı artırdığını ve performansın kullanılan takviye malzemesi miktarına bağlı olarak değiştiğini göstermiştir.

Keywords

Thanks

Bu çalışmada üretim tesisinin ve laboratuvarının kullanılmasını sağlayan Okçuerler Tekstil AŞ. ve firma sahibi Vedat Okçuer’e teşekkür ederiz.

References

Saheb, D. N., & Jog, J. P. (1999). Natural fiber polymer composites: A review. Advances in Polymer Technology, 18(4), 351–363. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2329(199924)18:4<351::AID-ADV6>3.0.CO;2-X
Hsissou, R., Seghiri, R., Benzekri, Z., Hilali, M., Rafik, M., & Elharfi, A. (2021). Polymer composite materials: A comprehensive review. Composite Structures, 262, 113640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.113640
Pendhari, S. S., Kant, T., & Desai, Y. M. (2008). Application of polymer composites in civil construction: A general review. Composite Structures, 84(2), 114–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2007.06.007
Sathishkumar, T., Satheeshkumar, S., & Naveen, J. (2014). Glass fiber-reinforced polymer composites – a review. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 33(13), 1258–1275. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684414530790
Scala, M. L. (2019). Experimental study on the behaviour of composite materials facing with water blast explosion. Naval application [Doctoral dissertation, Politecnico di Torino]. https://webthesis.biblio.polito.it/13023/1/tesi.pdf
Wu, C., Xu, F., Wang, H., Liu, H., Yan, F., & Ma, C. (2023). Manufacturing technologies of polymer composites—A review. Polymers, 15(3), 712. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15030712
Abliz, D., Duan, Y., Steuernagel, L., Xie, L., Li, D., & Ziegmann, G. (2013). Curing Methods for Advanced Polymer Composites - A Review. Polymers and Polymer Composites, 21(6), 341–348. https://doi.org/10.1177/096739111302100602
Jovanović, V., Samaržija-Jovanović, S., Budinski-Simendić, J., Marković, G., & Marinović-Cincović, M. (2013). Composites based on carbon black reinforced NBR/EPDM rubber blends. Composites Part B: Engineering, 45(1), 333–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.05.020

Fisher, H. L. (1939). Vulcanization of rubber. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, 31(11), 1381–1389. https://doi.org/10.1021/IE50359A015
Öztürk, E. (2008). Farklı kauçuk karışımlarının vulkanizasyonuna hızlandırıcıların etkisi Sakarya Universitesi, Fen Bilimleri, Enstitüsü. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2689292766?%20Theses&fromopenview=true&pq-origsite=gscholar&sourcetype=Dissertations%20
Botros, S. H., & Abdel-Nour, K. N. (1998). Preparation and characterization of butyl/NBR vulcanizates. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 62(3), 479–485. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910(98)00031-7
Loksupapaiboon, K., & Suvanjumrat, C. (2024). Curing analysis of rubber film on a Hand-Shaped former in the manufacturing of rubber gloves through novel OpenFOAM solver. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 108, 109476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2024.109476
Samaraweera, U. H. T. P. (2008). Development of NR/NBR latex blends for manufacture of high quality gloves. University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda.
Siong, C. K., Muniyadi, M., & Munusamy, Y. (2021). Optimization of compounding formulation for the development of high-preformance coating material using waste tire powder for gasket application. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 945(1), 012059. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/945/1/012059
Balachandran, M., Devanathan, S., Muraleekrishnan, R., & Bhagawan, S. S. (2012). Optimizing properties of nanoclay–nitrile rubber (NBR) composites using face centred central composite design. Materials & Design, 35, 854–862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.03.077
Ertekin, M. (2017). Kaplamanın koruyucu eldivenlerin performans özelliklerine etkisi. Tekstil ve Mühendis, 24(107), 172–180. https://doi.org/10.7216/1300759920172410705
Wisittanawat, U., Thanawan, S., & Amornsakchai, T. (2014). Mechanical properties of highly aligned short pineapple leaf fiber reinforced – Nitrile rubber composite: Effect of fiber content and Bonding Agent. Polymer Testing, 35, 20–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2014.02.003
Tan, A. H. (2022). Glove manufacturing: Opportunities and challenges in control engineering. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 55(1), 872–877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.04.143
Shi, H., Magaye, R., Castranova, V., & Zhao, J. (2013). Titanium dioxide nanoparticles: a review of current toxicological data. Particle and Fibre Toxicology, 10(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-8977-10-15
Passador, F. R., Rodolfo, A., & Pessan, L. A. (2009). In situ dynamic vulcanization of poly(vinyl chloride)/acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber blends. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B, 48(2), 282–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222340802679607
Kachirayil, A. J., Nambiathodi, V., Thomas, B., Raveendran, R., Varghese, S., Mukundan, M. K., & Rajesh, R. (2024). Learning based model for predicting mechanical properties and sustainable filler band for NBR composites using lignin and carbon black. Materials Research Express, 11(9), 095101. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ad6ff5
Nord Bjaerneman, T., & Bjaerneman, T. N. (2020). Mechanical performance of graphene enhanced nitrile rubber [University of Mississippi, M.S. in Engineering Science]. In Electronic Theses and Dissertations. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd/1849
Warasitthinon, N. (2013). Nanocomposites of nitrile (NBR) rubber with multi-walled carbon nanotubes. In PhDT. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PhDT.......143W/abstract
Dwivedi, C., Manjare, S., & Rajan, S. K. (2020). Recycling of waste tire by pyrolysis to recover carbon black: Alternative & environment-friendly reinforcing filler for natural rubber compounds. Composites Part B: Engineering, 200, 108346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108346
Nguyen, H. T., Crittenden, K., Weiss, L., & Bardaweel, H. (2022). Recycle of waste tire rubber in a 3D printed composite with enhanced damping properties. Journal of Cleaner Production, 368, 133085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133085
Akabane, T. (2016). Production method&market trend of rubber gloves. International Polymer Science and Technology, 43(5), 45–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/0307174X1604300509
Abdul Rashid, E. S., Muhd Julkapli, N. B., & Abdul Hadi Yehya, W. (2018). Reinforcement effect of nanocellulose on thermal stability of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 135(32), 46594. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.46594
Brum Dutra da Rocha, E., de Sousa, A. M. F., & Furtado, C. R. G. (2020). Properties Investigation of novel nitrile rubber composites with rockwool fibers. Polymer Testing, 82, 106291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2019.106291
Dolez, P. I., Gauvin, C., Lara, J., & Vu-Khanh, T. (2010). The effect of protective glove exposure to industrial contaminants on their resistance to mechanical risks. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 16(2), 169–183. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2010.11076837
Gupta, G., Gupta, A., Dhanola, A., & Raturi, A. (2016). Mechanical behavior of glass fiber polyester hybrid composite filled with natural fillers. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 149, 012091. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/149/1/012091
Rajesh, C., Unnikrishnan, G., Purushothaman, E., & Thomas, S. (2004). Cure characteristics and mechanical properties of short nylon fiber‐reinforced nitrile rubber composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 92(2), 1023–1030. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.20070
Wisittanawat, U., Thanawan, S., & Amornsakchai, T. (2014). Remarkable improvement of failure strain of preferentially aligned short pineapple leaf fiber reinforced nitrile rubber composites with silica hybridization. Polymer Testing, 38, 91–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2014.07.006
Yan, J., Lan, T., Zu, L., Dong, S., Liu, S., Hou, B., Liu, J., Bao, X., Zhang, P., & Xie, J. (2026). Performance and application research of waste tire rubber in novel composite materials. ChemistrySelect, 11(7), e06640. https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202506640
Kim, J. K., & Burford, R. P. (1998). Study on powder utilization of waste tires as a filler in rubber compounding. Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 71(5), 1028–1041. https://doi.org/10.5254/1.3538508
Sienkiewicz, M., Janik, H., Borzędowska-Labuda, K., & Kucińska-Lipka, J. (2017). Environmentally friendly polymer-rubber composites obtained from waste tyres: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 147, 560–571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.01.121
Zedler, Ł., Colom, X., Cañavate, J., & Formela, K. (2021). GTR/NBR/Silica composites performance properties as a function of curing system: Sulfur versus peroxides. Materials, 14(18), 5345. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14185345
Chandran, V., Manvel Raj, T., Lakshmanan, T., & Senthil Kumar, M. (2015). Evaluation of performance of natural rubber composites with different sizes of waste tyre rubber (WTR) and precipitated silica on C–M–M. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 40(4), 1187–1196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-015-1616-y
Ðekic, P. S., Temeljkovski, D. I., Rancic, B., & Nusev, S. (2012). Application of recycled rubber powder (RRP) in NR / SBR compounds. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research, 71, 295–298. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Petar-Djekic/publication/270750683_Application_of_recycled_rubber_powder_RRP_in_NR_SBR_compounds/links/54b3ab470cf26833efce9ffd/Application-of-recycled-rubber-powder-RRP-in-NR-SBR-compounds.pdf
Kim, S. W., Park, H. Y., Lim, J. C., Jeon, I. R., & Seo, K. H. (2007). Cure characteristics and physical properties of ground‐rubber‐filled natural rubber vulcanizates: Effects of the curing systems of the ground rubber and rubber matrix. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 105(4), 2396–2406. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.26279
Zhang, X., Li, W., & Yang, Z. (2015). Toxicology of nanosized titanium dioxide: An update. Archives of Toxicology, 89(12), 2207–2217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-015-1594-6
Racovita, A. D. (2022). Titanium dioxide: Structure, impact, and toxicity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 5681. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095681
Gündoğan, K., & Koksal, D. (2020). Nanopartikül takviyeli polimer matrisli r-PET geri dönüşüm ipliklerinin mikroyapı, termal, mekanik ve antistatik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(3), 526–534. https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.586869

Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Material Design and Behaviors, Mechanical Engineering (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Tevfik Han Okçuer ^*
0000-0001-5305-4924
Türkiye

Necmettin Şahin
0000-0002-5756-4216
Türkiye

Lalehan Akyüz
0000-0001-8548-3037
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

September 21, 2026

Publication Date

-

Submission Date

June 9, 2026

Acceptance Date

August 31, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: Advanced Online Publication

DOI

https://doi.org/10.29002/asujse.1967028

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA75HS82DS

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Okçuer, T. H., Şahin, N., & Akyüz, L. (2026). Atık Lastik Tozu Dolgulu NBR Kompozitlerin Koruyucu Eldivenlerin Kaplama Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi. Aksaray University Journal of Science and Engineering, Advanced Online Publication, 86-101. https://doi.org/10.29002/asujse.1967028

AMA

1.Okçuer TH, Şahin N, Akyüz L. Atık Lastik Tozu Dolgulu NBR Kompozitlerin Koruyucu Eldivenlerin Kaplama Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi. Aksaray J. Sci. Eng. 2026;(Advanced Online Publication):86-101. doi:10.29002/asujse.1967028

Chicago

Okçuer, Tevfik Han, Necmettin Şahin, and Lalehan Akyüz. 2026. “Atık Lastik Tozu Dolgulu NBR Kompozitlerin Koruyucu Eldivenlerin Kaplama Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi”. Aksaray University Journal of Science and Engineering, no. Advanced Online Publication: 86-101. https://doi.org/10.29002/asujse.1967028.

EndNote

Okçuer TH, Şahin N, Akyüz L (September 1, 2026) Atık Lastik Tozu Dolgulu NBR Kompozitlerin Koruyucu Eldivenlerin Kaplama Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi. Aksaray University Journal of Science and Engineering Advanced Online Publication 86–101.

IEEE

[1]T. H. Okçuer, N. Şahin, and L. Akyüz, “Atık Lastik Tozu Dolgulu NBR Kompozitlerin Koruyucu Eldivenlerin Kaplama Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi”, Aksaray J. Sci. Eng., no. Advanced Online Publication, pp. 86–101, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.29002/asujse.1967028.

ISNAD

Okçuer, Tevfik Han - Şahin, Necmettin - Akyüz, Lalehan. “Atık Lastik Tozu Dolgulu NBR Kompozitlerin Koruyucu Eldivenlerin Kaplama Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi”. Aksaray University Journal of Science and Engineering. Advanced Online Publication (September 1, 2026): 86-101. https://doi.org/10.29002/asujse.1967028.

JAMA

1.Okçuer TH, Şahin N, Akyüz L. Atık Lastik Tozu Dolgulu NBR Kompozitlerin Koruyucu Eldivenlerin Kaplama Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi. Aksaray J. Sci. Eng. 2026;:86–101.

MLA

Okçuer, Tevfik Han, et al. “Atık Lastik Tozu Dolgulu NBR Kompozitlerin Koruyucu Eldivenlerin Kaplama Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi”. Aksaray University Journal of Science and Engineering, no. Advanced Online Publication, Sept. 2026, pp. 86-101, doi:10.29002/asujse.1967028.

Vancouver

1.Tevfik Han Okçuer, Necmettin Şahin, Lalehan Akyüz. Atık Lastik Tozu Dolgulu NBR Kompozitlerin Koruyucu Eldivenlerin Kaplama Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi. Aksaray J. Sci. Eng. 2026 Sep. 1;(Advanced Online Publication):86-101. doi:10.29002/asujse.1967028