Aksaray Yöresine Ait Volkanik Tüf Taşının Onarımında Biyomineralizasyon Yönteminin Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Mehtap Sancar Kayabaşi; Ali Ural; Derya Önal Darılmaz

doi:10.29002/asujse.1900740

EN TR

Effect of the Biomineralization Method on the Repair of Volcanic Tuff Stone from the Aksaray Region

Abstract

Historical structures represent an important part of cultural and architectural heritage that has been transferred from the past to the present, reflecting the historical continuity of societies. The conservation of these structures and their transmission to future generations while preserving their original characteristics is therefore of great importance. In this study, the applicability of a biomineralization-based repair approach for sealing cracks formed on volcanic tuff stone, which is widely used in historical structures in Aksaray and surrounding regions, was investigated. Within the scope of the study, Bacillus cereus RSKK 683 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, known for their biomineralization potential, were used to evaluate crack-healing behavior through microbially induced calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) precipitation. The results were examined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The findings indicate that both bacterial strains contributed to crack filling through CaCO₃ formation, demonstrating that biomineralization is a feasible and environmentally friendly repair approach for the conservation of natural building stones such as volcanic tuff.

Keywords

Aksaray Yöresine Ait Volkanik Tüf Taşının Onarımında Biyomineralizasyon Yönteminin Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Tarihi yapılar, geçmişten günümüze ulaşan kültürel ve mimari birikimin önemli bir parçasını oluşturmakta ve toplumların tarihsel sürekliliğini yansıtmaktadır. Bu yapıların korunması ve özgün nitelikleriyle gelecek kuşaklara aktarılması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Aksaray ve çevre illerde tarihi yapılarda yaygın olarak kullanılan volkanik tüf taşı üzerinde oluşturulan çatlakların, biyomineralizasyon yöntemi kullanılarak onarılabilirliği incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında biyomineralizasyon potansiyeline sahip Bacillus cereus RSKK 683 ve Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 bakterileri kullanılarak, mikroorganizma kaynaklı kalsiyum karbonat (CaCO₃) oluşumu yoluyla çatlak kapatma davranışları değerlendirilmiştir. Uygulama sonrası elde edilen veriler; optik mikroskop görüntüleri ile birlikte taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ve enerji dağılımlı X-ışını analizi (EDAX) kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, her iki bakteri türünün de CaCO₃ oluşumu yoluyla çatlakların doldurulmasına katkı sağladığını ve biyomineralizasyon yönteminin volkanik tüf taşı gibi doğal yapı malzemelerinin korunmasında uygulanabilir bir onarım yaklaşımı sunduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Supporting Institution

Aksaray University Scientific Research Project Coordination Office

Project Number

2023-038

Ethical Statement

I hereby declare that all stages of this study were conducted in accordance with research and publication ethics. I confirm that ethical principles and proper scientific citation standards were strictly followed throughout the research and writing process.

Thanks

This study was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Aksaray University under Project No. 2023-038.

References

Achal, V., Mukherjee, A., & Reddy, M. S. (2011). Microbial concrete: Way to enhance the durability of building structures. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 23(6), 730–734. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000159
De Muynck, W., De Belie, N., & Verstraete, W. (2010). Microbial carbonate precipitation in construction materials: A review. Ecological Engineering, 36(2), 118–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.02.006
Ivanov, V., & Chu, J. (2008). Applications of microorganisms to geotechnical engineering for bioclogging and biocementation of soil in situ. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 7(2), 139–153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-007-9126-3
Stocks-Fischer, S., Galinat, J. K., & Bang, S. S. (1999). Microbiological precipitation of CaCO3. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 31(11), 1563–1571. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(99)00082-6
Qabany, A. Al, & Soga, K. (2013). Effect of chemical treatment used in MICP on engineering properties of cemented soils. Géotechnique, 63(4), 331–339. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.SIP13.P.022
Cheng, L., Cord-Ruwisch, R., & Shahin, M. A. (2013). Cementation of sand soil by microbially induced calcite precipitation at various degrees of saturation. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 50(1), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2012-0023
Seifan, M., Samani, A. K., & Berenjian, A. (2016). Bioconcrete: next generation of self-healing concrete. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 100(6), 2591–2602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-016-7316-z
De Belie, N., & Wang, J. (2016). Bacteria-based repair and self-healing of concrete. Journal of Sustainable Cement-Based Materials, 5(1–2), 35–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/21650373.2015.1077754

Henry, A. (2015). Stone conservation: Principles and practice. Routledge, New York, USA.
Doehne, E., & Price, C. A. (2011). Stone conservation: An overview of current research. Getty Publications, Los Angeles, California.
Grossi, C. M., & Brimblecombe, P. (2007). Effect of long-term changes in air pollution and climate on the decay and blackening of European stone buildings. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 271(1), 117–130. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2007.271.01.13
Siegesmund, S., & Snethlage, R. (2014). Stone in architecture: Properties, durability (S. Siegesmund & R. Snethlage, Eds.). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45155-3
Fort, R., Alvarez de Buergo, M., Perez-Monserrat, E. M., Gomez-Heras, M., Jose Varas-Muriel, M., & Freire, D. M. (2013). Evolution in the use of natural building stone in Madrid, Spain. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 46(4), 421–429. https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2012-041
Topal, T., & Doyuran, V. (1997). Engineering geological properties and durability assessment of the Cappadocian tuff. Engineering Geology, 47(1–2), 175–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(97)00017-3
Rodriguez-Navarro, C., Rodriguez-Gallego, M., Ben Chekroun, K., & Gonzalez-Muñoz, M. T. (2003). Conservation of ornamental stone by Myxococcus xanthus- induced carbonate biomineralization. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69(4), 2182–2193. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.4.2182-2193.2003
Jimenez-Lopez, C., Jroundi, F., Pascolini, C., Rodriguez-Navarro, C., Piñar-Larrubia, G., Rodriguez-Gallego, M., & González-Muñoz, M. T. (2008). Consolidation of quarry calcarenite by calcium carbonate precipitation induced by bacteria activated among the microbiota inhabiting the stone. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 62(4), 352–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2008.03.002
Castro-Alonso, M. J., Montañez-Hernandez, L. E., Sanchez-Muñoz, M. A., Macias Franco, M. R., Narayanasamy, R., & Balagurusamy, N. (2019). Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) and its potential in bioconcrete: Microbiological and molecular concepts. Frontiers in Materials, 6, 126. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2019.00126
Tiano, P., Biagiotti, L., & Mastromei, G. (1999). Bacterial bio-mediated calcite precipitation for monumental stones conservation: Methods of evaluation. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 36(1–2), 139–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7012(99)00019-6
Le Métayer-Levrel, G., Castanier, S., Orial, G., Loubière, J.-F., & Perthuisot, J.-P. (1999). Applications of bacterial carbonatogenesis to the protection and regeneration of limestones in buildings and historic patrimony. Sedimentary Geology, 126(1–4), 25–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(99)00029-9
Dupraz, C., Reid, R. P., Braissant, O., Decho, A. W., Norman, R. S., & Visscher, P. T. (2009). Processes of carbonate precipitation in modern microbial mats. Earth-Science Reviews, 96(3), 141–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2008.10.005
Zhu, T., & Dittrich, M. (2016). Carbonate precipitation through microbial activities in natural environment, and their potential in biotechnology: A review. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 4, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2016.00004
Sancar, M. (2018). Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gergi çubuk bağlantı tiplerinin taş kemerler üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi. Aksaray Üniversitesi Fen ve Uygulama Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Aksaray
Warscheid, T., & Braams, J. (2000). Biodeterioration of stone: A review. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 46(4), 343–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0964-8305(00)00109-8
Jonkers, H. M., & Schlangen, E. (2007). Self-healing of cracked concrete: A bacterial approach. In High-Performance Concrete, Brick-Masonry and Environmental Aspects (pp. 1821–1826). CRC Press, London.
Wang, J. Y., Snoeck, D., Van Vlierberghe, S., Verstraete, W., & De Belie, N. (2014). Application of hydrogel encapsulated carbonate precipitating bacteria for approaching a realistic self-healing in concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 68, 110–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.06.018
Scheerer, S., Ortega‐Morales, O., & Gaylarde, C. (2009). Chapter 5 Microbial deterioration of stone monuments—An updated overview. In Advances in Applied Microbiology (pp. 97–139). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2164(08)00805-8
Sohail, M. G., Disi, Z. Al, Zouari, N., Nuaimi, N. Al, Kahraman, R., Gencturk, B., Rodrigues, D. F., & Yildirim, Y. (2022). Bio self-healing concrete using MICP by an indigenous Bacillus cereus strain isolated from Qatari soil. Construction and Building Materials, 328, 126943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.126943
Ghosh, S., Biswas, M., Chattopadhyay, B. D., & Mandal, S. (2009). Microbial activity on the microstructure of bacteria modified mortar. Cement and Concrete Composites, 31(2), 93–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.01.001
Dhami, N. K., Reddy, M. S., & Mukherjee, A. (2013). Biomineralization of calcium carbonates and their engineered applications: a review. Frontiers in Microbiology, 4, 314. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2013.00314
Achal, V., Pan, X., & Özyurt, N. (2011). Improved strength and durability of fly ash-amended concrete by microbial calcite precipitation. Ecological Engineering, 37(4), 554–559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.11.009
De Belie, N., Wang, J., Bundur, Z. B., & Paine, K. (2018). Bacteria-based concrete. In Eco-Efficient Repair and Rehabilitation of Concrete Infrastructures (pp. 531–567). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102181-1.00019-8
Tezer, M. M., & Başaran Bundur, Z. (2021). Development of a 2-phase bio-additive for self-healing cement-based materials. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 36(3), 1171–1184. https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.695637
Reyad, A. M., & Mokhtar, G. (2023). Impact of the immobilized Bacillus cereus MG708176 on the characteristics of the bio-based self-healing concrete. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 500. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-27640-1
Wang, J. Y., De Belie, N., & Verstraete, W. (2012). Diatomaceous earth as a protective vehicle for bacteria applied for self-healing concrete. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 39(4), 567–577. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10295-011-1037-1
Chahal, N., Siddique, R., & Rajor, A. (2012). Influence of bacteria on the compressive strength, water absorption and rapid chloride permeability of concrete incorporating silica fume. Construction and Building Materials, 37, 645–651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.029
Achal, V., Mukherjee, A., Basu, P. C., & Reddy, M. S. (2009). Strain improvement of Sporosarcina pasteurii for enhanced urease and calcite production. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 36(7), 981–988. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10295-009-0578-z

Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Structural Engineering

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Mehtap Sancar Kayabaşi ^*
0000-0003-1614-1310
Türkiye

Ali Ural
Türkiye

Derya Önal Darılmaz
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

April 2, 2026

Publication Date

-

Submission Date

March 3, 2026

Acceptance Date

March 25, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: Advanced Online Publication

DOI

https://doi.org/10.29002/asujse.1900740

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA27JR52BA

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Sancar Kayabaşi, M., Ural, A., & Önal Darılmaz, D. (2026). Aksaray Yöresine Ait Volkanik Tüf Taşının Onarımında Biyomineralizasyon Yönteminin Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Aksaray University Journal of Science and Engineering, Advanced Online Publication, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.29002/asujse.1900740