NOISE EMISSION CHARACTERIZATION OF DIFFERENT COMMERCIAL MOTORCYLES IN NIGERIA FOR APPROPRIATE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
Öz
The costs and benefits of motorcycle noise reduction have received less attention in developing countries despite the adverse effects of inordinate exposure to noise. The first step in noise management is to gain an understanding of the types of noise generated in order to design an appropriate mechanism to reduce the noise. Therefore, this study characterized the noise emitted by different models of commercial motorcycles in Benue State, Nigeria. Five models of motorcycles - Motobi, Bajaj Boxer, CY90 Jianshe, Honda 110 and Jincheng, were studied. The noise level data were collected under two main operating conditions; idle (Zero and full throttles modes) and moving motorcycles at 30 km/h; 40 km/h or 50 km/h (with and without loads). The result showed that Jincheng motorcycles emitted the highest noise level with an average mean of 74.00 dB (A) (SD = 2.62) at zero throttle and 80.00 dB (A) (SD = 2.54) at full throttle. The paired samples T-tests between the zero throttle and the full throttle mode showed significantly higher noise emission level for full throttle operation when compared to zero throttle (p<.001). The used Jianshe and Jincheng motorcycle models emitted noise above the World Health Organization recommended standard limit of 70-75 dB for noise from motorcycles. While Jincheng motorcycle model with silencer and CY90 Jianshe and Jincheng motorcycle model without silencer emitted noise above 90 dB(A), which is the standard recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA). This study will help the relevant authorities to develop appropriate noise emission management strategies.
Anahtar Kelimeler
noise emission motorcycle models idle mode sound muffles noise reduction
Kaynakça
- Al-Hasan, M. 2003. Effect of ethanol–unleaded gasoline blends on engine performance and exhaust emission. Energy Conversion and Management, 44(9): 1547-1561.
- Azodo, A.P. Mezue, T.C. 2016. Degree of pillion passenger conveyance operation in compliance with road safety among motorised two-wheeled vehicle transportation mode users: In Proceedings of the 2016 2nd School of Engineering International Conference on Sustainable Engineering Solutions for Energy and Industrialisation, Yaba College of Engineering, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
- Azodo, A.P., Onwubalili, C., Mezue, T.C. 2018. Assessment of observed building structure setback of shops along an arterial road and noise intrusion level. Journal of Engineering, 25(12): 62-71.
- Broughton, P., Walker, L. 2009. Motorcycling and leisure; understanding the recreational PTW rider, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
- Close, W.H., Wesler, J.E. 1975. Vehicle noise sources and noise-suppression potential. Transportation Research Board Special Report, 152: 14-33.
- Dasarathy, A.K. 2015. Noise pollution – causes, mitigation and control measures for attenuation. Doctoral Thesis, Educational and Research Institute University.
- Dinye, R.D. 2013. The significance and issues of motorcycle transport in the Urban areas in northern Ghana. Scientific Journal of review, 2(10): 256-272.
- FEPA, 1991. National interim guidelines and standard for industrial effluents, gaseous emission and hazardous waste in Nigeria. Federal Environmental Protection Agency, 52
- Foale, T. 2006. Motorcycle handling and chassis design: the art and science. Tony Foale. Designs. 4–1.
- Genuit, K. 2004. The sound quality of vehicle interior noise: a challenge for the NVH-engineers. International Journal of Vehicle Noise and Vibration, 1(1-2): 158-168.
- González, A.E. 2012. Noise sources in the city: characterization and management trends. In Noise Control, Reduction and Cancellation Solutions in Engineering. IntechOpen
- Jay, G.C. 2007. Sound/vibration quality engineering. Part 1-Introduction and the SVQ engineering process. Sound & Vibration, 41(4): 16-25.
- Jay, G.C. 2009. Automotive sound quality–powertrain, road and wind noise. Sound and Vibration, 43(4): 16-24. Karan, C. 2009. Noise testing and analysis of two wheelers. Doctoral Thesis, Thapar University.
- Lu, M.H., Jen, M.U. 2014. Target setting and source contribution for sound quality of a motorcycle. In INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings, Institute of Noise Control Engineering, 249(8): 485-494.
- Okafor, B.N. 2020. Environmental implications of non-compliance with road setbacks standards in the Awka capital territory. International Journal for Innovative Research in Multidisciplinary Field, 6(9): 33-38.
- Schuhmacher, A., Tcherniak, D. 2009. Engine contribution analysis using a noise and vibration simulator. Sound and Vibration, 43(1): 16-21.
- World Health Organization (WHO) (1980). Environmental Health Criteria for noise https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/39458/9241540729-eng.pdf
Öz
Kaynakça
- Al-Hasan, M. 2003. Effect of ethanol–unleaded gasoline blends on engine performance and exhaust emission. Energy Conversion and Management, 44(9): 1547-1561.
- Azodo, A.P. Mezue, T.C. 2016. Degree of pillion passenger conveyance operation in compliance with road safety among motorised two-wheeled vehicle transportation mode users: In Proceedings of the 2016 2nd School of Engineering International Conference on Sustainable Engineering Solutions for Energy and Industrialisation, Yaba College of Engineering, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
- Azodo, A.P., Onwubalili, C., Mezue, T.C. 2018. Assessment of observed building structure setback of shops along an arterial road and noise intrusion level. Journal of Engineering, 25(12): 62-71.
- Broughton, P., Walker, L. 2009. Motorcycling and leisure; understanding the recreational PTW rider, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
- Close, W.H., Wesler, J.E. 1975. Vehicle noise sources and noise-suppression potential. Transportation Research Board Special Report, 152: 14-33.
- Dasarathy, A.K. 2015. Noise pollution – causes, mitigation and control measures for attenuation. Doctoral Thesis, Educational and Research Institute University.
- Dinye, R.D. 2013. The significance and issues of motorcycle transport in the Urban areas in northern Ghana. Scientific Journal of review, 2(10): 256-272.
- FEPA, 1991. National interim guidelines and standard for industrial effluents, gaseous emission and hazardous waste in Nigeria. Federal Environmental Protection Agency, 52
- Foale, T. 2006. Motorcycle handling and chassis design: the art and science. Tony Foale. Designs. 4–1.
- Genuit, K. 2004. The sound quality of vehicle interior noise: a challenge for the NVH-engineers. International Journal of Vehicle Noise and Vibration, 1(1-2): 158-168.
- González, A.E. 2012. Noise sources in the city: characterization and management trends. In Noise Control, Reduction and Cancellation Solutions in Engineering. IntechOpen
- Jay, G.C. 2007. Sound/vibration quality engineering. Part 1-Introduction and the SVQ engineering process. Sound & Vibration, 41(4): 16-25.
- Jay, G.C. 2009. Automotive sound quality–powertrain, road and wind noise. Sound and Vibration, 43(4): 16-24. Karan, C. 2009. Noise testing and analysis of two wheelers. Doctoral Thesis, Thapar University.
- Lu, M.H., Jen, M.U. 2014. Target setting and source contribution for sound quality of a motorcycle. In INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings, Institute of Noise Control Engineering, 249(8): 485-494.
- Okafor, B.N. 2020. Environmental implications of non-compliance with road setbacks standards in the Awka capital territory. International Journal for Innovative Research in Multidisciplinary Field, 6(9): 33-38.
- Schuhmacher, A., Tcherniak, D. 2009. Engine contribution analysis using a noise and vibration simulator. Sound and Vibration, 43(1): 16-21.
- World Health Organization (WHO) (1980). Environmental Health Criteria for noise https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/39458/9241540729-eng.pdf
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Mühendislik |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Temmuz 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1 |
