Öz
Cüce Eliptik Galaksiler (dwarf elliptical galaxies, dEs) galaksi küme evrimini anlamak için anahtar rol oynarlar. Bu çalışmada SMAKCED (Stellar content, MAss and Kinematics of Cluster Early-type Dwarf galaxies) projesinin bir parçası olarak Virgo galaksi kümesinde salt parlaklığı -19.0 < M$_r$ < -16.0 aralığında bulunan 37 dEs’nin yıldızlararası pupülasyon ve element bolluğu hesaplanmıştır. Yıldızlararası popülasyon analizi, yüksek çözünürlüklü tayfsal veriler ışığında soğurma çizgi genişlik indekslerin ölçülmesi, indeks-indeks diyagramları, temel parametre bağıntıları ve yıldızlararası popülasyon modellerinin kullanılması ile elde edilmiştir. Bu galaksilere ait yaş, metallik ve element bolluğu ${R}_{e}$/8 açıklığı içerisinde saptanmıştır. Bolluk analizinde [Na/Fe] NaD, [Ca/Fe] Ca4227 ve [Mg/Fe] Mgb çizgi indeksileri kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu hesaplamaların ışığında $\alpha$ elementi olan [Mg/Fe] güneş bolluğunda iken [Na/Fe] ın daha az bollukta olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum dev eliptiklerde bulunan durumun tamamen zıttıdır, ama bu trend NGC1396 Fornax cücesinin önceki çalışmaları ile uyum içerisindedir.Bu tür bolluk düzenlerine neden olabilecek olası senaryolar tartışılmış ve dE’lerin geç tip cüceler veya küçük spirallerden oluşabileceği disk benzeri yıldız oluşum tarihçelerine (Star Formation History, SFH) sahip olabileceği öngörüsünde bulunulmuştur. Na-verimliliği yıldızlardaki nötron fazlalığından dolayı metalliğe bağımlıdır. dEs önemli ölçüde kimyasal evrim geçirdikleri ve bu nedenle tek düze, yaşlı olmadıkları ancak Yerel Grup galaksilerin çoğuna benzer şekilde genişletilmiş SFH sahip olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Galaxies: dwarf ellipticals Galaxies: individual(Virgo) Galaxies: stellar population Galaxy Evolution Spectral Analysis
Destekleyen Kurum
TUBİTAK
Proje Numarası
1059B141401204 ve 1649B031406124
Kaynakça
- Arnett W. D., 1971, The Astrophysical Journal, 166, 153
- Barazza F. D., Binggeli B., Jerjen H., 2002, ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, 391, 823
- Boselli A., Gavazzi G., 2006, PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC, 118, 517
- Boselli A., Gavazzi G., 2014, The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review, 22, 74
- Cardiel N., 1999, PhD thesis, , Universidad Complutense de Madrid,Spain, (1999)
- Carretta E., 2016, ArXiv e-prints, , ADS (arXiv:1611.04728)
- Clayton D. D., 2003, Astrophysics and Space Science, 285, 353
- Cohen J. G., Huang W., 2009, The Astrophysical Journal, 701, 1053
- Conroy C., Graves G. J., van Dokkum P. G., 2014, The Astrophysical Journal, 780, 33
- De Rijcke S., Dejonghe H., Zeilinger W. W., Hau G. K. T., 2003,ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, 400, 119
- Faber S. M., Friel E. D., Burstein D., Gaskell C. M., 1985, The Astrophysical JournalS,57, 711
- Ferrarese L., et al., 2006, The Astrophysical JournalS, 164, 334
- Geha M., Guhathakurta P., van der Marel R. P., 2003, THE ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL, 126, 1794
- Gorgas J., Faber S. M., Burstein D., Gonzalez J. J., Courteau S.,Prosser C., 1993, The Astrophysical JournalS, 86, 153
- Graham A. W., Guzmán R., 2003, THE ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL, 125, 2936
- Gratton R. G., et al., 2001, ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, 369, 87
- Greggio L., Renzini A., Daddi E., 2008, MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 388, 829
- Iwamoto K., Brachwitz F., Nomoto K., Kishimoto N., Umeda H.,Hix W. R., Thielemann F.-K., 1999, The Astrophysical JournalS, 125, 439
- Janz J., Lisker T., 2008, The Astrophysical Journal, 689, L25
- Janz J., Lisker T., 2009, The Astrophysical Journal, 696, L102
- Janz J., et al., 2012, The Astrophysical Journal, 745, L24
- Janz J., et al., 2014, The Astrophysical Journal, 786, 105
- Jerjen H., Kalnajs A., Binggeli B., 2000, ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, 358, 845
- Koleva M., de Rijcke S., Prugniel P., Zeilinger W. W., Michielsen D.,2009, MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 396, 2133
- Koleva M., Prugniel P., de Rijcke S., Zeilinger W. W., 2011, MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY,417, 1643
- Kormendy J., 1985, The Astrophysical Journal, 295, 73Kraft R. P., 1994, PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC, 106, 553
- Kroupa P., 2001, MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 322, 231
- La Barbera F., Vazdekis A., Ferreras I., Pasquali A., Allende PrietoC., Röck B., Aguado D. S., Peletier R. F., 2017, MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 464,3597
- Langer G. E., Hoffman R., Sneden C., 1993, PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC, 105, 301
- Letarte B., et al., 2010, ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, 523, A17
- Lisker T., Grebel E. K., Binggeli B., 2006a, THE ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL, 132, 497
- Lisker T., Glatt K., Westera P., Grebel E. K., 2006b, THE ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL, 132, 2432
- Mentz J. J., et al., 2016, MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 463, 2819
- Michielsen D., et al., 2008, MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 385, 1374
- Paudel S., Lisker T., Kuntschner H., Grebel E. K., Glatt K., 2010,MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 405, 800
- Pompéia L., et al., 2008, ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, 480, 379
- Prugniel P., Soubiran C., 2001, ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, 369, 1048
- Ryś A., Falcón-Barroso J., van de Ven G., 2013, MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 428, 2980
- Ryś A., van de Ven G., Falcón-Barroso J., 2014, MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 439, 284
- Ryś A., Koleva M., Falcón-Barroso J., Vazdekis A., Lisker T., PeletierR., van de Ven G., 2015, MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 452, 1888
- Shetrone M., Venn K. A., Tolstoy E., Primas F., Hill V., Kaufer A.,2003, THE ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL, 125, 684
- Smith R. J., Alton P., Lucey J. R., Conroy C., Carter D., 2015,MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 454, L71
- Spiniello C., Trager S., Koopmans L. V. E., Conroy C., 2014, MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 438, 1483
- Spiniello C., Trager S. C., Koopmans L. V. E., 2015, The Astrophysical Journal, 803, 87
- Thielemann F.-K., Hashimoto M.-A., Nomoto K., 1990, The Astrophysical Journal, 349,222
- Thomas D., Maraston C., Schawinski K., Sarzi M., Silk J., 2010,MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 404, 1775
- Timmes F. X., Woosley S. E., Weaver T. A., 1995, The Astrophysical JournalS, 98, 617
- Travaglio C., Hillebrandt W., Reinecke M., Thielemann F.-K., 2004,ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, 425, 1029
- Vazdekis A., Sánchez-Blázquez P., Falcón-Barroso J., Cenarro A. J.,Beasley M. A., Cardiel N., Gorgas J., Peletier R. F., 2010, MN-RAS, 404, 1639
- Venn K. A., Irwin M., Shetrone M. D., Tout C. A., Hill V., TolstoyE., 2004, THE ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL, 128, 1177
- Worthey G., 1998, PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC, 110, 888
- Worthey G., Ottaviani D. L., 1997, The Astrophysical JournalS, 111, 377
- Worthey G., Faber S. M., Gonzalez J. J., Burstein D., 1994, The Astrophysical JournalS,94, 687
- Worthey G., Ingermann B. A., Serven J., 2011, The Astrophysical Journal, 729, 148
- Yamada Y., Arimoto N., Vazdekis A., Peletier R. F., 2006, The Astrophysical Journal, 637,200
- Şen Ş., et al., 2018, MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 475, 3453J
Öz
We define abundance ratios of 37 dwarf ellipticals (dEs) in the nearby Virgo cluster. This sample is representative of the early-type population of galaxies in the absolute magnitude range -19.0 < M$_r$ < -16.0. We analyze their absorption line-strength indices by means of index-index diagrams and scaling relations and use the stellar population models to interpret them. We present ages, metallicities and abundance ratios obtained from these dEs within an aperture size of ${R}_{e}$/8. We calculate [Na/Fe] from NaD, [Ca/Fe] from Ca4227 and [Mg/Fe] from Mgb. We find that [Na/Fe] is under-abundant with respect to solar while [Mg/Fe] is around solar. This is exactly opposite to what is found for giant ellipticals, but follows the trend with metallicity found previously for the Fornax dwarf NGC 1396. We discuss possible formation scenarios that can result in such elemental abundance patterns and we speculate that dEs have disk-like SFH favouring them to originate from late-type dwarfs or small spirals.
Na-yields appear to be very metal-dependent, in agreement with studies of giant ellipticals, probably due to the large dependence on the neutron-excess in stars. We conclude that dEs have undergone a considerable amount of chemical evolution, they are therefore not uniformly old, but have extended SFH, similar to many of the Local Group galaxies.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Galaxies: dwarf ellipticals Galaxies: individual(Virgo) Galaxies: stellar population Galaxy Evolution Spectral Analysis
Proje Numarası
1059B141401204 ve 1649B031406124
Kaynakça
- Arnett W. D., 1971, The Astrophysical Journal, 166, 153
- Barazza F. D., Binggeli B., Jerjen H., 2002, ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, 391, 823
- Boselli A., Gavazzi G., 2006, PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC, 118, 517
- Boselli A., Gavazzi G., 2014, The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review, 22, 74
- Cardiel N., 1999, PhD thesis, , Universidad Complutense de Madrid,Spain, (1999)
- Carretta E., 2016, ArXiv e-prints, , ADS (arXiv:1611.04728)
- Clayton D. D., 2003, Astrophysics and Space Science, 285, 353
- Cohen J. G., Huang W., 2009, The Astrophysical Journal, 701, 1053
- Conroy C., Graves G. J., van Dokkum P. G., 2014, The Astrophysical Journal, 780, 33
- De Rijcke S., Dejonghe H., Zeilinger W. W., Hau G. K. T., 2003,ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, 400, 119
- Faber S. M., Friel E. D., Burstein D., Gaskell C. M., 1985, The Astrophysical JournalS,57, 711
- Ferrarese L., et al., 2006, The Astrophysical JournalS, 164, 334
- Geha M., Guhathakurta P., van der Marel R. P., 2003, THE ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL, 126, 1794
- Gorgas J., Faber S. M., Burstein D., Gonzalez J. J., Courteau S.,Prosser C., 1993, The Astrophysical JournalS, 86, 153
- Graham A. W., Guzmán R., 2003, THE ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL, 125, 2936
- Gratton R. G., et al., 2001, ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, 369, 87
- Greggio L., Renzini A., Daddi E., 2008, MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 388, 829
- Iwamoto K., Brachwitz F., Nomoto K., Kishimoto N., Umeda H.,Hix W. R., Thielemann F.-K., 1999, The Astrophysical JournalS, 125, 439
- Janz J., Lisker T., 2008, The Astrophysical Journal, 689, L25
- Janz J., Lisker T., 2009, The Astrophysical Journal, 696, L102
- Janz J., et al., 2012, The Astrophysical Journal, 745, L24
- Janz J., et al., 2014, The Astrophysical Journal, 786, 105
- Jerjen H., Kalnajs A., Binggeli B., 2000, ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, 358, 845
- Koleva M., de Rijcke S., Prugniel P., Zeilinger W. W., Michielsen D.,2009, MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 396, 2133
- Koleva M., Prugniel P., de Rijcke S., Zeilinger W. W., 2011, MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY,417, 1643
- Kormendy J., 1985, The Astrophysical Journal, 295, 73Kraft R. P., 1994, PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC, 106, 553
- Kroupa P., 2001, MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 322, 231
- La Barbera F., Vazdekis A., Ferreras I., Pasquali A., Allende PrietoC., Röck B., Aguado D. S., Peletier R. F., 2017, MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 464,3597
- Langer G. E., Hoffman R., Sneden C., 1993, PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC, 105, 301
- Letarte B., et al., 2010, ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, 523, A17
- Lisker T., Grebel E. K., Binggeli B., 2006a, THE ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL, 132, 497
- Lisker T., Glatt K., Westera P., Grebel E. K., 2006b, THE ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL, 132, 2432
- Mentz J. J., et al., 2016, MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 463, 2819
- Michielsen D., et al., 2008, MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 385, 1374
- Paudel S., Lisker T., Kuntschner H., Grebel E. K., Glatt K., 2010,MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 405, 800
- Pompéia L., et al., 2008, ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, 480, 379
- Prugniel P., Soubiran C., 2001, ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, 369, 1048
- Ryś A., Falcón-Barroso J., van de Ven G., 2013, MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 428, 2980
- Ryś A., van de Ven G., Falcón-Barroso J., 2014, MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 439, 284
- Ryś A., Koleva M., Falcón-Barroso J., Vazdekis A., Lisker T., PeletierR., van de Ven G., 2015, MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 452, 1888
- Shetrone M., Venn K. A., Tolstoy E., Primas F., Hill V., Kaufer A.,2003, THE ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL, 125, 684
- Smith R. J., Alton P., Lucey J. R., Conroy C., Carter D., 2015,MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 454, L71
- Spiniello C., Trager S., Koopmans L. V. E., Conroy C., 2014, MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 438, 1483
- Spiniello C., Trager S. C., Koopmans L. V. E., 2015, The Astrophysical Journal, 803, 87
- Thielemann F.-K., Hashimoto M.-A., Nomoto K., 1990, The Astrophysical Journal, 349,222
- Thomas D., Maraston C., Schawinski K., Sarzi M., Silk J., 2010,MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 404, 1775
- Timmes F. X., Woosley S. E., Weaver T. A., 1995, The Astrophysical JournalS, 98, 617
- Travaglio C., Hillebrandt W., Reinecke M., Thielemann F.-K., 2004,ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, 425, 1029
- Vazdekis A., Sánchez-Blázquez P., Falcón-Barroso J., Cenarro A. J.,Beasley M. A., Cardiel N., Gorgas J., Peletier R. F., 2010, MN-RAS, 404, 1639
- Venn K. A., Irwin M., Shetrone M. D., Tout C. A., Hill V., TolstoyE., 2004, THE ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL, 128, 1177
- Worthey G., 1998, PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC, 110, 888
- Worthey G., Ottaviani D. L., 1997, The Astrophysical JournalS, 111, 377
- Worthey G., Faber S. M., Gonzalez J. J., Burstein D., 1994, The Astrophysical JournalS,94, 687
- Worthey G., Ingermann B. A., Serven J., 2011, The Astrophysical Journal, 729, 148
- Yamada Y., Arimoto N., Vazdekis A., Peletier R. F., 2006, The Astrophysical Journal, 637,200
- Şen Ş., et al., 2018, MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 475, 3453J
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Astronomik Bilimler (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | 1059B141401204 ve 1649B031406124 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Aralık 2022 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 21 Ocak 2022 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 20 Şubat 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3 |
TJAA, Türk Astronomi Derneğinin (TAD) bir yayınıdır.