Araştırma Makalesi
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Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Saf Hatlarında Tohum Karışım Oranlarının Verim ve Yağ Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 55 - 63, 06.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.54975/isubuzfd.1048663

Öz

Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.), tohumlarında bulunan yüksek kalitede yağı ile önemli bir yemeklik yağ ve biyoenerji kaynağıdır. Bu araştırma, ileri generasyon aspir hatlarında tohum karışımları yapılarak hem doğal heterosis etkisinden hem de çok hatlı çeşitlerin avantajlarından faydalanmak için yürütülmüştür. Fenolojik özellikleri benzer, ancak tohum ve yağ verimlilikleri farklı üç hat (BAY-ER 2, BAY-ER 5 ve BAY-ER 15) saf (yalın), ikili (1/2 + 1/2) ve üçlü (1/3 + 1/3 + 1/3) tohum karışım oranlarında yetiştirilerek açıkta tozlaşmaya bırakılmış, elde edilen kısmi melez tohumlar bir sonraki yıl tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde üç tekrarlı olarak ekilerek tarımsal ve kalite özellikleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Hatlar ve karışımlar arasında bitki boyu, dal sayısı, tabla sayısı, 1000 tane ağırlığı, kabuk oranı, yağ oranı, tohum ve yağ verimi gibi özellikler bakımından istatistiksel olarak önemli farklılıklar bulunmuştur. İkili ve üçlü tohum karışımları saf hatlara göre daha yüksek verim performansı göstermiş, BAY-ER 2 + BAY-ER 15 ikili karışımından % 50.7 ve BAY-ER 5+ BAY-ER 15 ikili karışımından % 44.0 olarak yüksek karışım etkinliği elde edilmiştir. Bütün karışımlar kendisini oluşturan saf hatlardan daha yüksek tohum verimi ve yağ oranı vermiştir. Saf hatlar linoleik asit bakımından, karışımlar ise oleik asit bakımından biraz daha yüksek oranlar vermiştir. Sonuç olarak, aspirde belirli sayıda saf hattın farklı oranlarda tohum karışımları ile tarımsal performansın artırılabileceği anlaşılmıştır.

Teşekkür

Bu araştırma makalesi, Isparta Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü Tarla Bitkileri Anabilim Dalında Ümmü BOZDAĞ tarafından sunulan Yüksek Lisans tezinden üretilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Arslan, B., Çakir, H., & Culpan, E. (2019). Yeni geliştirilen aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) çeşitlerinin bazı özellikleri bakımından karşılaştırılması. 2. Uluslararası 19 Mayıs Yenilikçi Bilimsel Yaklaşımlar Kongresi, 113-120, Samsun.
  • Ashri, A., Zimmer, E., Urie, L., & Ghaner, A., (1974). Evaluation of the world collection of safflower for yield components and their relationship. Crop Science, 14, 799-802.
  • Bartholomew, S. B. (1971). Temperature effects on the fatty acid composition of developing in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). MS Thesis, Univercity of California, United States of America.
  • Baydar, H., & Erbaş, S. (2016). Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.)’de verim, yağ ve oleik asit içeriği yüksek hat geliştirme ıslahı. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(Özel sayı-2), 155-161.
  • Baydar, H., & Gökmen, O. Y. (2003). Hybrid seed production in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) following the induction of male sterility by gibberellic acid. Plant Breeding, 122, 459-461.
  • Baydar, H. (2016). Yağ bitkilerinde oleik asitçe zengin çeşitlerin ıslahında yaşanan gelişmeler. TÜRKTOB Dergisi, 20, 34-39.
  • Beyyavaş, V., Haliloglu, H., Çopur, O., & Yilmaz, A. (2011). Determination of seed yield and yield components of some safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars, lines and populations under the semi-arid conditions. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(4), 527-534.
  • Biabani, A., Hashemi, M., & Herbert, S. J. (2008). Agronomic performance of two intercropped soybean cultivars. Journal of Plant Production, 2(3), 215-222.
  • Boch, R. (1961) Honey bee activity on safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 41, 559-562.
  • Bowden, R., Shoyer, J., Roozeboom, K., Claasen, M., & Evans, P. (2001). Performance of wheat variety blends in Kansas. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 128, 1-6.
  • Castro, A. (2001). Cultivar mixtures. The Plant Health Instructor. Erişim adresi: https://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/disimpactmngmnt/topc/cultivarmixes/Pages/default.aspx
  • Channeshappa, M. G. (1980). Genetics of seed yield, oil content and other quantitative character in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Mysore Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 14(3), 463.
  • Çamaş, N., & Esendal, E. (2006). Estimates of broad-sense heritability for seed yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Hereditas, 143, 55- 57.
  • Dordas, C. A., & Sioulas, C. (2008). Safflower yield, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, and water use efficiency response to nitrogen fertilization under rainfed conditions. Industrial Crops and Products, 27(1), 75-85.
  • Erbaş, S., & Baydar, H. (2007). Aspirde (Carthamus tinctorius L.) sentetik erkek kısırlık tekniği ile elde edilmiş melez populasyonlardan hat geliştirme olanakları. 7. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, 370-374, Erzurum.
  • Erbaş, S. (2012). Melezleme ıslahı ile tohum verimi, yağ ve oleik asit içeriği yüksek aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) hatlarının geliştirilmesi. Doktora Tezi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Isparta.
  • FAO, (2021). Food and agriculture organization. food and agriculture data. Erişim adresi: http://fenix.fao.org/faostat
  • Hill, A. Bç (1989). Hybrid safflower breeding. Second International Safflower Conference, 163-167, Hyderabad, India.
  • Izquierdo, N., Aguirrezábal, L., Andrade, F., & Pereyra, V. (2002). Night temperature affects fatty acid composition in sunflower oil depending on the hybrid and the phenological stage. Field Crops Research, 77(2-3): 15-126.
  • Johnson, R. C., Bergmann, J. W., & Flynn, C. R. (1999). Oil and meal characteristics of coreand non-core safflower accessions from USDA collection. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 46, 611-618.
  • Jokinen, K. (1991). Yield and competition in barley variety mixtures. Agricultural and Food Science, 63(4), 287-305.
  • Knowles, P. F. (1969). Modification of quantity and quality of safflower oil through plant breeding. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 46(3), 130-132.
  • Knowles, P. F. (1982). Safflower genetics and breeding. ın: ımprovement of oilseed and ındustrial crops by ınduced mutations. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.
  • Koç, H., Keleş, R., Ülker, R., Gümüşçü, G., & Ercan, B., (2010). Bazı aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) hatlarının verim, verim öğeleri ve kalite özellikleri ile bu özellikler arasındaki ilişkilerin belirlenmesi. Bitkisel Araştırma Dergisi, 2, 1-7.
  • Liu, L., Guan, L., & Wang, L. (2016). A review of fatty acids and genetic characterization of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed oil. World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2(2), 48–52. https://10.15806/j.issn.2311-8571.2016.0006.
  • Meena, H. P., Dudhe, M. Y., Mukta, N., & Lavanya, C. (2012). Heterosis breeding in safflower present status and future prospects under Indian scenario. Journal of Oilseeds Research, 29, 164-167.
  • Mundt, C. C. (2002). Use of ultile cultivars and cultivar mixtures disease management. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 40, 381-410.
  • Ngugi, H. K., King, S. B., Holt, J., & Julian, M. (2001). Simultaneous temporal progress of sorghum anthracnose and leaf blight in crop mixtures with disparate patterns. Phytopathology, 91, 720-729.
  • Okonya, J. S., & Maass, B. L. (2014). Potential of cowpea variety mixtures to increase yield stability in subsistence agriculture: Preliminary results. International Journal of Agronomy, 515629, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/ 51562
  • Rubis, D. D. (1966). Effects of honey bee activity and cages on attributes of thin-hull and normal safflower lines. Crop Science, 6, 11-14.
  • Shivani, D., Sreelakshmi, C. H., & Sameer Kumar, C. V. (2010). Heterosis and inbreeding depression for yield and yield components in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 1(6), 1492-1494.
  • Steel, R. G. D., & Torrie, J. H. (1980). Principles and Procedures of Statistics, A Biometrical Approach (2nd. ed.) McGraw-Hill Kogakusha, Tokyo, Japon.
  • Tooker, J., & Frank, S. (2012). Genotypically diverse cultivar mixtures for insect pest management and increased crop yields. Journal of Applied Ecology, 49(5), 974-985. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02173.x.
  • TÜİK, (2021). Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri. Erişim adresi: http://www.tuik.gov.tr
  • Velasco, L., Fisvher, M., &Fernandez-Martinez, J. M. (2012). Estimation of cross-fertilization rate in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 10(1), 155-159.
  • Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Ji, W., Yu, P., Wang, B., Li, J., Han, M., Xu, X., & Wang, Z. (2016). Cultivar mixture cropping increased water use efficiency in winter wheat under limited irrigation conditions. PLoS One, 11(6), e0158439. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0158439
  • Weiss, E. A. (2000). Safflower: Oilseed Crops. Blackwell Science, Victoria, Australia.

Effect of Seed Mixture Ratios on Yield and Oil Quality Properties in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Pure Lines

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 55 - 63, 06.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.54975/isubuzfd.1048663

Öz

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an important source of edible oil and bioenergy with its high quality oil in its seeds. In this research, seed mixtures were made in advanced generation safflower lines to benefit from both the natural heterosis effect and the advantages of multi-line varieties. Three safflower lines (BAY-ER 2, BAY-ER 5 and BAY-ER 15) with similar phenological characteristics, but different seed and oil yields were used. Pure, double (1/2 + 1/2) and triple (1/3 + 1/3 + 1/3) seed mixture ratios were grown under open pollination condition. The partial hybrid seeds were planted in randomized block experimental design with three replicates in the following year to evaluate the the agricultural and quality characteristics. Statistically significant differences were found between pure lines and mixtures in terms of plant height, number of branches, number of heads, 1000 grain weight, seed hull ratio, oil ratio, seed yield and oil yield. Double and triple seed mixtures showed higher yield performance than pure lines, and high mixing efficiency was obtained as 50.7% from BAY-ER 2 + BAYER 15 and 44.0% from BAY-ER 5+ BAY-ER 15 binary mixtures. All the mixtures gave higher seed yield and oil ratio than their pure lines. Linoleic acid ratios in the lines and oleic acid ratios in the mixtures were found to be slightly higher. As a result, it has been understood that agricultural performance can be increased with different ratios of seed mixtures of a certain number of pure lines in safflower.

Kaynakça

  • Arslan, B., Çakir, H., & Culpan, E. (2019). Yeni geliştirilen aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) çeşitlerinin bazı özellikleri bakımından karşılaştırılması. 2. Uluslararası 19 Mayıs Yenilikçi Bilimsel Yaklaşımlar Kongresi, 113-120, Samsun.
  • Ashri, A., Zimmer, E., Urie, L., & Ghaner, A., (1974). Evaluation of the world collection of safflower for yield components and their relationship. Crop Science, 14, 799-802.
  • Bartholomew, S. B. (1971). Temperature effects on the fatty acid composition of developing in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). MS Thesis, Univercity of California, United States of America.
  • Baydar, H., & Erbaş, S. (2016). Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.)’de verim, yağ ve oleik asit içeriği yüksek hat geliştirme ıslahı. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(Özel sayı-2), 155-161.
  • Baydar, H., & Gökmen, O. Y. (2003). Hybrid seed production in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) following the induction of male sterility by gibberellic acid. Plant Breeding, 122, 459-461.
  • Baydar, H. (2016). Yağ bitkilerinde oleik asitçe zengin çeşitlerin ıslahında yaşanan gelişmeler. TÜRKTOB Dergisi, 20, 34-39.
  • Beyyavaş, V., Haliloglu, H., Çopur, O., & Yilmaz, A. (2011). Determination of seed yield and yield components of some safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars, lines and populations under the semi-arid conditions. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(4), 527-534.
  • Biabani, A., Hashemi, M., & Herbert, S. J. (2008). Agronomic performance of two intercropped soybean cultivars. Journal of Plant Production, 2(3), 215-222.
  • Boch, R. (1961) Honey bee activity on safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 41, 559-562.
  • Bowden, R., Shoyer, J., Roozeboom, K., Claasen, M., & Evans, P. (2001). Performance of wheat variety blends in Kansas. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 128, 1-6.
  • Castro, A. (2001). Cultivar mixtures. The Plant Health Instructor. Erişim adresi: https://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/disimpactmngmnt/topc/cultivarmixes/Pages/default.aspx
  • Channeshappa, M. G. (1980). Genetics of seed yield, oil content and other quantitative character in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Mysore Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 14(3), 463.
  • Çamaş, N., & Esendal, E. (2006). Estimates of broad-sense heritability for seed yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Hereditas, 143, 55- 57.
  • Dordas, C. A., & Sioulas, C. (2008). Safflower yield, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, and water use efficiency response to nitrogen fertilization under rainfed conditions. Industrial Crops and Products, 27(1), 75-85.
  • Erbaş, S., & Baydar, H. (2007). Aspirde (Carthamus tinctorius L.) sentetik erkek kısırlık tekniği ile elde edilmiş melez populasyonlardan hat geliştirme olanakları. 7. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, 370-374, Erzurum.
  • Erbaş, S. (2012). Melezleme ıslahı ile tohum verimi, yağ ve oleik asit içeriği yüksek aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) hatlarının geliştirilmesi. Doktora Tezi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Isparta.
  • FAO, (2021). Food and agriculture organization. food and agriculture data. Erişim adresi: http://fenix.fao.org/faostat
  • Hill, A. Bç (1989). Hybrid safflower breeding. Second International Safflower Conference, 163-167, Hyderabad, India.
  • Izquierdo, N., Aguirrezábal, L., Andrade, F., & Pereyra, V. (2002). Night temperature affects fatty acid composition in sunflower oil depending on the hybrid and the phenological stage. Field Crops Research, 77(2-3): 15-126.
  • Johnson, R. C., Bergmann, J. W., & Flynn, C. R. (1999). Oil and meal characteristics of coreand non-core safflower accessions from USDA collection. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 46, 611-618.
  • Jokinen, K. (1991). Yield and competition in barley variety mixtures. Agricultural and Food Science, 63(4), 287-305.
  • Knowles, P. F. (1969). Modification of quantity and quality of safflower oil through plant breeding. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 46(3), 130-132.
  • Knowles, P. F. (1982). Safflower genetics and breeding. ın: ımprovement of oilseed and ındustrial crops by ınduced mutations. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.
  • Koç, H., Keleş, R., Ülker, R., Gümüşçü, G., & Ercan, B., (2010). Bazı aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) hatlarının verim, verim öğeleri ve kalite özellikleri ile bu özellikler arasındaki ilişkilerin belirlenmesi. Bitkisel Araştırma Dergisi, 2, 1-7.
  • Liu, L., Guan, L., & Wang, L. (2016). A review of fatty acids and genetic characterization of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed oil. World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2(2), 48–52. https://10.15806/j.issn.2311-8571.2016.0006.
  • Meena, H. P., Dudhe, M. Y., Mukta, N., & Lavanya, C. (2012). Heterosis breeding in safflower present status and future prospects under Indian scenario. Journal of Oilseeds Research, 29, 164-167.
  • Mundt, C. C. (2002). Use of ultile cultivars and cultivar mixtures disease management. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 40, 381-410.
  • Ngugi, H. K., King, S. B., Holt, J., & Julian, M. (2001). Simultaneous temporal progress of sorghum anthracnose and leaf blight in crop mixtures with disparate patterns. Phytopathology, 91, 720-729.
  • Okonya, J. S., & Maass, B. L. (2014). Potential of cowpea variety mixtures to increase yield stability in subsistence agriculture: Preliminary results. International Journal of Agronomy, 515629, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/ 51562
  • Rubis, D. D. (1966). Effects of honey bee activity and cages on attributes of thin-hull and normal safflower lines. Crop Science, 6, 11-14.
  • Shivani, D., Sreelakshmi, C. H., & Sameer Kumar, C. V. (2010). Heterosis and inbreeding depression for yield and yield components in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 1(6), 1492-1494.
  • Steel, R. G. D., & Torrie, J. H. (1980). Principles and Procedures of Statistics, A Biometrical Approach (2nd. ed.) McGraw-Hill Kogakusha, Tokyo, Japon.
  • Tooker, J., & Frank, S. (2012). Genotypically diverse cultivar mixtures for insect pest management and increased crop yields. Journal of Applied Ecology, 49(5), 974-985. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02173.x.
  • TÜİK, (2021). Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri. Erişim adresi: http://www.tuik.gov.tr
  • Velasco, L., Fisvher, M., &Fernandez-Martinez, J. M. (2012). Estimation of cross-fertilization rate in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 10(1), 155-159.
  • Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Ji, W., Yu, P., Wang, B., Li, J., Han, M., Xu, X., & Wang, Z. (2016). Cultivar mixture cropping increased water use efficiency in winter wheat under limited irrigation conditions. PLoS One, 11(6), e0158439. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0158439
  • Weiss, E. A. (2000). Safflower: Oilseed Crops. Blackwell Science, Victoria, Australia.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Hayvansal Üretim (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştıma
Yazarlar

Ümmü Bozdağ 0000-0003-0246-6288

Hasan Baydar 0000-0003-1317-2066

Yayımlanma Tarihi 6 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Aralık 2021
Kabul Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Bozdağ, Ü., & Baydar, H. (2022). Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Saf Hatlarında Tohum Karışım Oranlarının Verim ve Yağ Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(2), 55-63. https://doi.org/10.54975/isubuzfd.1048663