Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Repair Analysis of Overlay Woven Fabric CFRP Laminates

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2, 333 - 343, 30.04.2024

Osman Caglar Baysalli Alihan Cambaz Yasin Furkan Görgülü Arman Uluoğlu Umur Ulas Harman

https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1343431

Öz

The increase in aerospace composites usage for structural components demands advanced repair analysis. Overlay repairs of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer laminates offer an alternative that is easier to perform and less time-consuming to produce than the widely used tapered scarf repair and stepped lap. Composite specimen manufacturing was based on both twill carbon/epoxy prepreg and wet lay-up. The repair was performed with both prepreg and wet extra plies to the parent prepreg structure. However, the design of overlay joints must be carefully investigated to avoid generating stress concentration regions at free edges. This study examined specific extra ply terminations' impact on peak stresses in the adhesive bond line. Linear finite element analysis was performed to conduct a maximum principal stress study with a focus on three joint design parameters: ply material, overply effect, and stacking sequence. FEA accurately predicted experimentally observed responses and provided further insight into the failure behavior of the structure. Results showed that overlay joints have a strong sensitivity to ply material type, the number of overply, and stacking sequence. The introduction of overplies provided protection and stiffness at joint tips, and an overply material behavior was identified. The location of 0̊ plies in the composite laminates was highlighted as an important factor. The analysis was then extended to three-dimensional FE models for verification. In conclusion, results showed that high-stress concentration in overlay joints can be mitigated with the introduction of overplies and appropriate changes in joint design parameters to reduce stress peaks at joint tips and corners.

Anahtar Kelimeler

CFRP Overlay Repair Composite Repair Prepreg Repair Repair Analysis Wet Lay-up

Kaynakça

  • [1] P. Balakrishnan, M. J. John, L. Pothen, M. S. Sreekala, S. Thomas, “Natural Fibre Composites and their Applications in Aerospace Engineering,” 2014.
  • [2] D. K. Rajak, D. D. Pagar, P. L. Menezes, E. Linul, “Fiber-reinforced polymer composites: Manufacturing, properties, and applications,” Polymers, vol. 11, no. 10, 2019.
  • [3] B. Parveez, M. I. Kittur, I. A. Badruddin, S. Kamangar, M. Hussien, M. A. Umarfarooq, “Scientific Advancements in Composite Materials for Aircraft Applications: A Review,” Polymers, vol. 14, no. 22, 2022.
  • [4] R. F. El-Hajjar, D. R. Petersen, “Gaussian function characterization of unnotched tension behavior in a carbon/epoxy composite containing localized fiber waviness,” Composite Structures, vol. 93, no. 9, pp. 2400–2408, 2011.
  • [5] H. M. Hsiao, I. M. Daniel, “Elastic properties of composites with fiber waviness,” Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 27, no. 10, pp. 931–941, 1996.
  • [6] C. Soutis, J. Lee, “Scaling effects in notched carbon fibre/epoxy composites loaded in compression,” Journal of Materials Science, vol. 43, no. 20, pp. 6593–6598, 2008.
  • [7] H. Huang, R. Talreja, “Effects of void geometry on elastic properties of unidirectional fiber reinforced composites,” Composites Science and Technology, vol. 65, no. 13, pp. 1964–1981, 2005.
  • [8] J. Chen, H. Wang, M. Salemi, P. N. Balaguru, “Finite element analysis of composite repair for damaged steel pipeline,” Coatings, vol. 11, no. 3, 2021.
  • [9] E. Sonat, M. Bakır, S. Özerinç, “Failure behavior of on-site repaired CFRP laminates,” Composite Structures, vol. 311, no. June 2022, 2023.
  • [10] Hexcel, “Composite Materials and Structures,” 2023. https://www.hexcel.com/ (accessed Jun. 07, 2023).
  • [11] ASTM, “D3039/D3039M Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials.” https://www.astm.org/d3039_d3039m-00.html (accessed Jul. 27, 2023).
  • [12] H. Bendemra, P. Compston, P. J. Crothers, “Optimisation study of tapered scarf and stepped-lap joints in composite repair patches,” COMPOSITE STRUCTURE, vol. 130, pp. 1–8, 2015.
  • [13] E. Sonat, “Mechanical Properties of Repaired Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites,” Middle East Technical University, 2021.
  • [14] S.-H. Ahn, G. S. Springer, “Repair of Composite Laminates-II: Models,” Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 32, no. 11, pp. 1076–1114, Jun. 1998. [Online].
  • [15] E. Sonat, S. Özerinç, “Failure behavior of scarf-bonded woven fabric CFRP laminates,” Composite Structures, vol. 258, no. September 2020, p. 113205, 2021.
  • [16] Henkel, “LOCTITE® EA 9396 AERO,” 2023. https://www.henkel-adhesives.com/vn/en/product/industrial-adhesives/loctite_ea_9396_aero0.html (accessed Jun. 07, 2023).
  • [17] T. J, S. W, E. P, Y.-K. Y, “Shear Stress-Strain Data for Structural Adhesives,” 1997.
  • [18] Solvay, “FM 300,” 2023. https://www.solvay.com/en/product/fm-300 (accessed Jun. 07, 2023).
  • [19] M. Kashfuddoja, M. Ramji, “Assessment of local strain field in adhesive layer of an unsymmetrically repaired CFRP panel using digital image correlation,” International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, vol. 57, pp. 57–69, 2015.
  • [20] B. D. Agarwal, L. J. Broutman, Analysis and Performance of Fiber Composites, 3rd ed. Wiley Blackwell, 1980.
  • [21] V. K. S. Choo, Fundamentals of Composite Materials. Knowen Academic Press, 1990.
  • [22] R. M. Christensen, Mechanics of Composite Materials. Dover Publications, 2005.
  • [23] I. M. Daniel, O. Ishai, Engineering Mechanics of Composite Materials, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2005.
  • [24] D. Gay, Composite Materials: Design and Applications. CRC Press, 2014.
  • [25] Z. Hashin, B. W. Rosen, E. A. Humphreys, C. Newton, S. Chaterjee, “Fiber Composite Analysis and Design: Composite Materials and Laminates, Volume 1,” 1997.
  • [26] L. P. Kollar, G. S. Springer, Mechanics of Composite Structures. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
  • [27] M. Piggott, Load Bearing Fibre Composites. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.
  • [28] G. H. Stabb, Laminar Composites. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2015.
  • [29] S. W. Tsai, H. T. Hahn, Introduction to Composite Materials. Technomic Publishing, 1980.
  • [30] M. E. Tuttle, Structural Analysis of Polymeric Composite Materials. Marcel Dekker Inc., 2004.
  • [31] V. V. Vasiliev, E. V. Morozov, Mechanics and Analysis of Composite Materials. Elsevier Ltd., 2001.
  • [32] J. R. Vinson, R. L. Sierakowski, The Behavior of Structures Composed of Composite Materials, 2nd ed. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.
  • [33] L. J. Hart-Smith, D. Brown, S. Wong, “Surface Preparations for Ensuring that the Glue Will Stick in Bonded Composite Structures,” in Handbook of Composites, Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998, pp. 667–685.
  • [34] F. C. Campbell, “Secondary Adhesive Bonding of Polymer-Matrix Composites,” in Composites, ASM International, 2001, pp. 620–632.
  • [35] J. P. A. Valente, R. D. S. G. Campilho, E. A. S. Marques, J. J. M. Machado, L. F. M. da Silva, “Adhesive joint analysis under tensile impact loads by cohesive zone modelling,” Composite Structures, vol. 222, no. January, p. 110894, 2019.

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2, 333 - 343, 30.04.2024

Osman Caglar Baysalli Alihan Cambaz Yasin Furkan Görgülü Arman Uluoğlu Umur Ulas Harman

https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1343431

Öz

Kaynakça

  • [1] P. Balakrishnan, M. J. John, L. Pothen, M. S. Sreekala, S. Thomas, “Natural Fibre Composites and their Applications in Aerospace Engineering,” 2014.
  • [2] D. K. Rajak, D. D. Pagar, P. L. Menezes, E. Linul, “Fiber-reinforced polymer composites: Manufacturing, properties, and applications,” Polymers, vol. 11, no. 10, 2019.
  • [3] B. Parveez, M. I. Kittur, I. A. Badruddin, S. Kamangar, M. Hussien, M. A. Umarfarooq, “Scientific Advancements in Composite Materials for Aircraft Applications: A Review,” Polymers, vol. 14, no. 22, 2022.
  • [4] R. F. El-Hajjar, D. R. Petersen, “Gaussian function characterization of unnotched tension behavior in a carbon/epoxy composite containing localized fiber waviness,” Composite Structures, vol. 93, no. 9, pp. 2400–2408, 2011.
  • [5] H. M. Hsiao, I. M. Daniel, “Elastic properties of composites with fiber waviness,” Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 27, no. 10, pp. 931–941, 1996.
  • [6] C. Soutis, J. Lee, “Scaling effects in notched carbon fibre/epoxy composites loaded in compression,” Journal of Materials Science, vol. 43, no. 20, pp. 6593–6598, 2008.
  • [7] H. Huang, R. Talreja, “Effects of void geometry on elastic properties of unidirectional fiber reinforced composites,” Composites Science and Technology, vol. 65, no. 13, pp. 1964–1981, 2005.
  • [8] J. Chen, H. Wang, M. Salemi, P. N. Balaguru, “Finite element analysis of composite repair for damaged steel pipeline,” Coatings, vol. 11, no. 3, 2021.
  • [9] E. Sonat, M. Bakır, S. Özerinç, “Failure behavior of on-site repaired CFRP laminates,” Composite Structures, vol. 311, no. June 2022, 2023.
  • [10] Hexcel, “Composite Materials and Structures,” 2023. https://www.hexcel.com/ (accessed Jun. 07, 2023).
  • [11] ASTM, “D3039/D3039M Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials.” https://www.astm.org/d3039_d3039m-00.html (accessed Jul. 27, 2023).
  • [12] H. Bendemra, P. Compston, P. J. Crothers, “Optimisation study of tapered scarf and stepped-lap joints in composite repair patches,” COMPOSITE STRUCTURE, vol. 130, pp. 1–8, 2015.
  • [13] E. Sonat, “Mechanical Properties of Repaired Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites,” Middle East Technical University, 2021.
  • [14] S.-H. Ahn, G. S. Springer, “Repair of Composite Laminates-II: Models,” Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 32, no. 11, pp. 1076–1114, Jun. 1998. [Online].
  • [15] E. Sonat, S. Özerinç, “Failure behavior of scarf-bonded woven fabric CFRP laminates,” Composite Structures, vol. 258, no. September 2020, p. 113205, 2021.
  • [16] Henkel, “LOCTITE® EA 9396 AERO,” 2023. https://www.henkel-adhesives.com/vn/en/product/industrial-adhesives/loctite_ea_9396_aero0.html (accessed Jun. 07, 2023).
  • [17] T. J, S. W, E. P, Y.-K. Y, “Shear Stress-Strain Data for Structural Adhesives,” 1997.
  • [18] Solvay, “FM 300,” 2023. https://www.solvay.com/en/product/fm-300 (accessed Jun. 07, 2023).
  • [19] M. Kashfuddoja, M. Ramji, “Assessment of local strain field in adhesive layer of an unsymmetrically repaired CFRP panel using digital image correlation,” International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, vol. 57, pp. 57–69, 2015.
  • [20] B. D. Agarwal, L. J. Broutman, Analysis and Performance of Fiber Composites, 3rd ed. Wiley Blackwell, 1980.
  • [21] V. K. S. Choo, Fundamentals of Composite Materials. Knowen Academic Press, 1990.
  • [22] R. M. Christensen, Mechanics of Composite Materials. Dover Publications, 2005.
  • [23] I. M. Daniel, O. Ishai, Engineering Mechanics of Composite Materials, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2005.
  • [24] D. Gay, Composite Materials: Design and Applications. CRC Press, 2014.
  • [25] Z. Hashin, B. W. Rosen, E. A. Humphreys, C. Newton, S. Chaterjee, “Fiber Composite Analysis and Design: Composite Materials and Laminates, Volume 1,” 1997.
  • [26] L. P. Kollar, G. S. Springer, Mechanics of Composite Structures. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
  • [27] M. Piggott, Load Bearing Fibre Composites. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.
  • [28] G. H. Stabb, Laminar Composites. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2015.
  • [29] S. W. Tsai, H. T. Hahn, Introduction to Composite Materials. Technomic Publishing, 1980.
  • [30] M. E. Tuttle, Structural Analysis of Polymeric Composite Materials. Marcel Dekker Inc., 2004.
  • [31] V. V. Vasiliev, E. V. Morozov, Mechanics and Analysis of Composite Materials. Elsevier Ltd., 2001.
  • [32] J. R. Vinson, R. L. Sierakowski, The Behavior of Structures Composed of Composite Materials, 2nd ed. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.
  • [33] L. J. Hart-Smith, D. Brown, S. Wong, “Surface Preparations for Ensuring that the Glue Will Stick in Bonded Composite Structures,” in Handbook of Composites, Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998, pp. 667–685.
  • [34] F. C. Campbell, “Secondary Adhesive Bonding of Polymer-Matrix Composites,” in Composites, ASM International, 2001, pp. 620–632.
  • [35] J. P. A. Valente, R. D. S. G. Campilho, E. A. S. Marques, J. J. M. Machado, L. F. M. da Silva, “Adhesive joint analysis under tensile impact loads by cohesive zone modelling,” Composite Structures, vol. 222, no. January, p. 110894, 2019.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Malzeme Tasarım ve Davranışları
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Osman Caglar Baysalli 0009-0004-1124-4227

Alihan Cambaz 0000-0001-6632-978X

Yasin Furkan Görgülü 0000-0002-1828-2849

Arman Uluoğlu 0009-0007-1628-7770

Umur Ulas Harman 0000-0002-7210-6774

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 22 Nisan 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 20 Ağustos 2023
Kabul Tarihi 9 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Baysalli, O. C., Cambaz, A., Görgülü, Y. F., Uluoğlu, A., vd. (2024). Repair Analysis of Overlay Woven Fabric CFRP Laminates. Sakarya University Journal of Science, 28(2), 333-343. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1343431
AMA Baysalli OC, Cambaz A, Görgülü YF, Uluoğlu A, Harman UU. Repair Analysis of Overlay Woven Fabric CFRP Laminates. SAUJS. Nisan 2024;28(2):333-343. doi:10.16984/saufenbilder.1343431
Chicago Baysalli, Osman Caglar, Alihan Cambaz, Yasin Furkan Görgülü, Arman Uluoğlu, ve Umur Ulas Harman. “Repair Analysis of Overlay Woven Fabric CFRP Laminates”. Sakarya University Journal of Science 28, sy. 2 (Nisan 2024): 333-43. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1343431.
EndNote Baysalli OC, Cambaz A, Görgülü YF, Uluoğlu A, Harman UU (01 Nisan 2024) Repair Analysis of Overlay Woven Fabric CFRP Laminates. Sakarya University Journal of Science 28 2 333–343.
IEEE O. C. Baysalli, A. Cambaz, Y. F. Görgülü, A. Uluoğlu, ve U. U. Harman, “Repair Analysis of Overlay Woven Fabric CFRP Laminates”, SAUJS, c. 28, sy. 2, ss. 333–343, 2024, doi: 10.16984/saufenbilder.1343431.
ISNAD Baysalli, Osman Caglar vd. “Repair Analysis of Overlay Woven Fabric CFRP Laminates”. Sakarya University Journal of Science 28/2 (Nisan 2024), 333-343. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1343431.
JAMA Baysalli OC, Cambaz A, Görgülü YF, Uluoğlu A, Harman UU. Repair Analysis of Overlay Woven Fabric CFRP Laminates. SAUJS. 2024;28:333–343.
MLA Baysalli, Osman Caglar vd. “Repair Analysis of Overlay Woven Fabric CFRP Laminates”. Sakarya University Journal of Science, c. 28, sy. 2, 2024, ss. 333-4, doi:10.16984/saufenbilder.1343431.
Vancouver Baysalli OC, Cambaz A, Görgülü YF, Uluoğlu A, Harman UU. Repair Analysis of Overlay Woven Fabric CFRP Laminates. SAUJS. 2024;28(2):333-4.
 Kapak Resmi İndir

30930  This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.