Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Comparison and Storage Stability of Biodiesels from Expired oils

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 639 - 651, 27.03.2024

Soufiane Ghanimi Badreddine Elmejhed Wafa Terouzı Fouzia Kzaiber

https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1161932

Öz

Transesterification of expired vegetable oils is possible by heating them with a significant amount of methanol and an acidic or basic catalyst to improve the reaction rate and yield. In this study 4 samples have been selected, including 4 types of vegetable oils, namely: soybean, sunflower, rapeseed, pumpkin seed. The operative conditions of the reaction were reaction time (4 h), catalyst concentration (1 w/wt %), and oil-to-methanol molar ratio (6:1). The parameters studied to compare the quality of biodiesel obtained by each type of compound are: yield, pH, density, acid value. The results shows that The pumpkin seed have a positive effect on increasing the yield of Soybean biodiesels as well as biodiesel blends based on Soybean, Sunflower and rapeseed. This paper examines also the degradation of several biofuels in comparison with fossil fuels (Diesel and gasoline) with different storage conditions over 9 Weeks period. The Results indicated that: High temperature combined with the lighting strongly enhances the degradation phenomenon. The acid value of biodiesel (HM) is rapidly increasing at a rate of 0.91 mg KOH/g /Week. The pH of diesel has experienced a strong decrease of 66%. In comparison with Diesel, Diesel degrades strongly and rapidly from a biodiesel in terms of Acid Value, pH and Density.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biodiesel pumpkin degradation valorization methyl esters

Destekleyen Kurum

CNRST (National Center for Scientific and Technical Research)

Teşekkür

Through its Research Excellence Scholarships Program, the CNRST (National Center for Scientific and Technical Research) is funding this work.

Kaynakça

  • [1] NF EN 14214, : “Liquid petroleum products - Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for use in diesel engines and heating applications - Requirements and test methods”, European Standards, (2013).
  • [2] Mahapatra S, Kumar D, Singh B, Sachan PK., “ Biofuels and their sources of production: A review on cleaner sustainable alternative against conventional fuel”, in the framework of the food and energy nexus, Energy Nexus, 4: 405-415, (2021).
  • [3] Sidibé SS, Blin J, Vaitilingom G. “Use of crude filtered vegetable oil as a fuel in diesel engines state of the art: Literature review”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14: 2748-2759, (2010).
  • [4] Capuanoa D., Costab M., Di Fraiaa S., Massarottia N., “Direct use of waste vegetable oil in internal combustion engines”, Renewable Energy, 69 : 759-770, (2017).
  • [5] USDA, “FoodData Central Search” 30 05 2021. [Online]. Available: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/1750349/nutrients, (2021).
  • [6] Tidke SA, Ramakrishna D, Kiran S, Kosturkova G, Ravishankar G. “Nutraceutical Potential of Soybean: Review”, Asian Journal of Clinical Nutrition 7: 22-32 (2015).
  • [7] Jayaprasanna KD, Prakash B. “Performance evaluation of a single cylinder diesel engine fueled with biodiesel produced from pumpkin oil”, Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research KUMAR & BINNAL,71: 75-78 (2012).
  • [8] Anhwange BA, Ikyenge BA, Nyiatagher DT, Ageh JT. “Chemical analysis of Citrullus lanatus, Cucumeropsis manii, and Telfairia occidentalis”, Journal of Applied Science Research, 6: 265-268, (2010).
  • [9] Berna H, “Transestérification des huiles végétales par l’éthanol en conditions douces par catalyses hétérogènes acide et basique”, doctorate thesis, Claude Bernard University, Research Institute on catalysis and the environment of Lyon, (2009).
  • [10] ASTM Standard D6751, “Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) ”, ASTM International, (2020).
  • [11] Nikiema J, Heitz M. Le biodiesel. II. “Production — une synthèse”, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering. 35: 107-117 (2008).
  • [12] Richard R. “Transestérification éthanolique d'huile végétale dans des microréacteurs”,doctorate thesis, University of Toulouse, National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse, (2011).
  • [13] Mustafa B, Havva B. “Progress in biodiesel processing”, Applied Energy,87: 1816-1835 (2010).
  • [14] Vaitilingom G, Mouloungui Z. “Vers une génération plus « verte » de biodiesels”, Oil seeds & fats Crops and Lipids, 29: 95-106 (2021).
  • [15] West Biofuels, “Fuel terminology & technology”, [Online]. Available: http://www.westbiofuels.com/publications, (2008).
  • [16] Nazzaro P and Porter S. “A fleet managers guide for the handling, receipt and storage of biodiesel fuel”, Ottawa: Biodiesel Association of Canada, (2005).
  • [17] Knothe G, Dunn R, Bagby M. “The synthesis of biodiesel from vegetable oil”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences,195: 1633-1638, (2015).
  • [18] Meher LS, Sagar DV, Naik S. “Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification — a review”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 248–268. (2006).
  • [19] Mayanga PCT, Perez DL, Mudhoo A. “Production of biofuel precursors and value-added chemicals from hydrolysates resulting from hydrothermal processing of biomass: A review”, Biomass and Bioenergy, 130, (2019).
  • [20] Silva JB, Almeida JS, Barbosa RV. “Some aspects of biodiesel oxidative stability”, Process, 88:669-677, (2021).
  • [21] Peer MS, Kasimani R, Rajamohan S. “Experimental evaluation on oxidation stability of biodiesel/diesel blends with alcohol addition by rancimat instrument and FTIR spectroscopy”, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 31: 455-463, (2017).
  • [22] Kon Kim J, Hwan Jeon C, Lee HW. “Effect of Accelerated High Temperature on Oxidation and Polymerization of Biodiesel from Vegetable Oils”, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, (2018).
  • [23] Engine Manufacturers Association. enginemanufacturers library. [Online]. Available: www.enginemanufacturers.org/admin/library/upload/. (2017).
  • [24] Leung DYC, Koo BCP, Guo Y. “Degradation of biodiesel under different storage conditions”, Bioresource Technology, 97: 250-256, (2005).
  • [25] El-gharbawy A, Sadik W, Sadek O, Kasaby M. “A review on biodiesel feedstocks and production technologies”, Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society, 66: 5098-5109, (2021).
  • [26] Fuel terminology & technology Ltd. “Fuel terminology & technology. [Online]. Available: http://www.westbiofuels.com/, (2006).
  • [27] NF EN ISO 6883, “Animal and vegetable fats and oils - Determination of conventional mass per volume”, ISO international, (2017).
  • [28] ISO 660, “Animal and vegetable fats and oils - Determination of acid value and acidity”, ISO international, (2020).
  • [29]ASTM D6423, “Standard Test Method for Determination of pHe of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Ethanol Fuel Blends”, ASTM International, (2014).
  • [30] Catherine B, Acques C, Xavier D, David D, Rosalie-Maude SA, “La production de biodiesel à partir des cultures oléagineuses”, Quebec Agriculture and Agri-Food Reference Centre, (2008).
  • [31] Bazooyar B, Hallajbashi N, Shariati A, Ghorbani A, “An Investigation of the Effect of Input Air Upon Combustion Performance and Emissions of Biodiesel and Diesel Fuel in an Experimental Boiler”, Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 36: 383-392 (2014).
  • [32] weather2visit. Beni Mellal Weather in July 02 08 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.weather2visit.com/africa/morocco/beni-mellal-july.htm, (2021).
  • [33] weather2visit. Beni Mellal Weather in August”, 02 09 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.weather2visit.com/africa/morocco/beni-mellal-august.htm, (2021).
  • [34] Enamul H and Lu Pui G. “Biodiesel from Plant Resources—Sustainable Solution to Ever Increasing Fuel Oil Demands”, Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems. 3: 163-170, (2013).
  • [35] Thirumarimurugan M, Sivakumar VM, Xavier AM, Prabhakaran D, Kannadasan T. “Preparation of Biodiesel from Sunflower Oil by Transesterification”, International Journal of Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics. 2: 441-444, (2012).
  • [36] Dworakowska S, Bednarz S, Bogdal D. “Production of biodiesel from rapeseed oil”, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, The 1st World Sustainability Forum, Basel, Switzerland, 1-6 (2011).
  • [37] Andrew EE Gillian O and Inambao F. “Biodiesel methyl ester production and testing from selected African tropical seed oil feedstocks”, Energy Procedia. 142: 755-767, (2017).
  • [38] ISO 660. “Animal and vegetable fats and oils -Determination of acid value and acidity”, International Standardization Organization, (2020).
  • [39] Joshi S, Gogate PR, Paulo F,Giudici R. “Intensification of biodiesel production from soybean oil and waste cooking oil in the presence of heterogeneous catalyst using high speed homogenizer”, Ultrasonics - Sonochemistry, 39: 645-653, (2017).
  • [40] Al-Saif AM and Hossain AS. “Biodiesel fuel production from soybean oil waste as agricultural bio-resource”, Australian Journal of Crop Science. 4: 538-542, (2010).
  • [41] Sousaa LS, Mouraa CVR, Oliveira JE, Moura EM. “Use of natural antioxidants in soybean biodiesel”, Fuel. 134: 420-428, (2014).
  • [42] Encinar JE, Pardal A, Sánchez N, Nogales S, “Biodiesel by Transesterification of Rapeseed Oil Using Ultrasound: A Kinetic Study of Base-Catalysed Reactions”, Energies (2018).
  • [43] Chandra B, “The critical review of biodiesel as a transportation fuel in Canada”, Principle of GCSI-Global change strategies. Canada. (2004).
  • [44] Siddharth J, Sharma M. “Effect of metal contents on oxidation stability of biodiesel/diesel blends”, Fuel. 116: 14-18, (2013).
  • [45] Razzaq L, Farooq M, Mujtaba MA, Sher F. “Modeling Viscosity and Density of Ethanol-DieselBiodiesel Ternary Blends for Sustainable Environment”, sustainability, 12:1-20, (2020).
  • [46] Yang H,Li XH, MU MF, Kou GY. “Comparative Performance and Emissions Study of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine Using Diesel Fuel and Soybean Biodiesel”, Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, 20: 201-210. (2017).
  • [47] Leung DYC, Koo BCP, Guo Y. “Degradation of biodiesel under different storage conditions”, Bioresource Technology, 97: 250-256, (2006).
  • [48] Yakup SEKMEN, Abdurrazzak AKTAŞ. “Effects of Soybean Oil Methyl Ester on Diesel Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions”, Politeknik Dergisi, 11: 249-254, (2022).

Farklı Depolama Koşulları Altında Biyodizellerin Üretimi, Karşılaştırılması ve Depolama Kararlılığı

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 639 - 651, 27.03.2024

Soufiane Ghanimi Badreddine Elmejhed Wafa Terouzı Fouzia Kzaiber

https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1161932

Öz

Son kullanma tarihi geçmiş bitkisel yağlar, reaksiyon hızını ve verimini artırmak için büyük miktarda susuz metanol ve asidik veya bazik bir katalizör ile ısıtılarak transesterifiye edilebilir. Bu çalışmada soya fasulyesi, ayçiçeği, kolza tohumu ve kabak çekirdeği olmak üzere 4 çeşit bitkisel yağ içeren 4 örnek seçilmiştir. Reaksiyonun çalışma koşulları reaksiyon süresi (4 saat), katalizör konsantrasyonu (ağırlıkça %1) ve yağ-metanol molar oranı (6:1) idi. Her bir bileşik türünden elde edilen biyodizelin kalitesini karşılaştırmak için incelenen parametreler şunlardır: verim, pH, yoğunluk, asit değeri. Sonuçlar, kabak çekirdeğinin soya fasulyesi biyodizellerinin yanı sıra soya fasulyesi, ayçiçeği ve kolza tohumu bazlı biyodizel karışımlarının verimini artırmada olumlu bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu makale aynı zamanda çeşitli biyoyakıtların 9 hafta boyunca farklı depolama koşullarında fosil yakıtlarla (Dizel ve benzin) karşılaştırmalı olarak bozulmasını da incelemektedir. Sonuçlar şunu göstermiştir: Aydınlatma ile birlikte yüksek sıcaklık bozunma olayını güçlü bir şekilde arttırmaktadır. Biyodizelin (HM) asit değeri 0.91 mg KOH/g /Hafta oranında hızla artmaktadır. Dizelin pH değerinde %66'lık güçlü bir düşüş yaşanmıştır. Dizel ile karşılaştırıldığında, Dizel Asit Değeri, pH ve Yoğunluk açısından bir biyodizelden güçlü ve hızlı bir şekilde ayrışmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyodizel kabak bozunma değerleme metil esterler

Kaynakça

  • [1] NF EN 14214, : “Liquid petroleum products - Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for use in diesel engines and heating applications - Requirements and test methods”, European Standards, (2013).
  • [2] Mahapatra S, Kumar D, Singh B, Sachan PK., “ Biofuels and their sources of production: A review on cleaner sustainable alternative against conventional fuel”, in the framework of the food and energy nexus, Energy Nexus, 4: 405-415, (2021).
  • [3] Sidibé SS, Blin J, Vaitilingom G. “Use of crude filtered vegetable oil as a fuel in diesel engines state of the art: Literature review”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14: 2748-2759, (2010).
  • [4] Capuanoa D., Costab M., Di Fraiaa S., Massarottia N., “Direct use of waste vegetable oil in internal combustion engines”, Renewable Energy, 69 : 759-770, (2017).
  • [5] USDA, “FoodData Central Search” 30 05 2021. [Online]. Available: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/1750349/nutrients, (2021).
  • [6] Tidke SA, Ramakrishna D, Kiran S, Kosturkova G, Ravishankar G. “Nutraceutical Potential of Soybean: Review”, Asian Journal of Clinical Nutrition 7: 22-32 (2015).
  • [7] Jayaprasanna KD, Prakash B. “Performance evaluation of a single cylinder diesel engine fueled with biodiesel produced from pumpkin oil”, Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research KUMAR & BINNAL,71: 75-78 (2012).
  • [8] Anhwange BA, Ikyenge BA, Nyiatagher DT, Ageh JT. “Chemical analysis of Citrullus lanatus, Cucumeropsis manii, and Telfairia occidentalis”, Journal of Applied Science Research, 6: 265-268, (2010).
  • [9] Berna H, “Transestérification des huiles végétales par l’éthanol en conditions douces par catalyses hétérogènes acide et basique”, doctorate thesis, Claude Bernard University, Research Institute on catalysis and the environment of Lyon, (2009).
  • [10] ASTM Standard D6751, “Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) ”, ASTM International, (2020).
  • [11] Nikiema J, Heitz M. Le biodiesel. II. “Production — une synthèse”, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering. 35: 107-117 (2008).
  • [12] Richard R. “Transestérification éthanolique d'huile végétale dans des microréacteurs”,doctorate thesis, University of Toulouse, National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse, (2011).
  • [13] Mustafa B, Havva B. “Progress in biodiesel processing”, Applied Energy,87: 1816-1835 (2010).
  • [14] Vaitilingom G, Mouloungui Z. “Vers une génération plus « verte » de biodiesels”, Oil seeds & fats Crops and Lipids, 29: 95-106 (2021).
  • [15] West Biofuels, “Fuel terminology & technology”, [Online]. Available: http://www.westbiofuels.com/publications, (2008).
  • [16] Nazzaro P and Porter S. “A fleet managers guide for the handling, receipt and storage of biodiesel fuel”, Ottawa: Biodiesel Association of Canada, (2005).
  • [17] Knothe G, Dunn R, Bagby M. “The synthesis of biodiesel from vegetable oil”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences,195: 1633-1638, (2015).
  • [18] Meher LS, Sagar DV, Naik S. “Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification — a review”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 248–268. (2006).
  • [19] Mayanga PCT, Perez DL, Mudhoo A. “Production of biofuel precursors and value-added chemicals from hydrolysates resulting from hydrothermal processing of biomass: A review”, Biomass and Bioenergy, 130, (2019).
  • [20] Silva JB, Almeida JS, Barbosa RV. “Some aspects of biodiesel oxidative stability”, Process, 88:669-677, (2021).
  • [21] Peer MS, Kasimani R, Rajamohan S. “Experimental evaluation on oxidation stability of biodiesel/diesel blends with alcohol addition by rancimat instrument and FTIR spectroscopy”, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 31: 455-463, (2017).
  • [22] Kon Kim J, Hwan Jeon C, Lee HW. “Effect of Accelerated High Temperature on Oxidation and Polymerization of Biodiesel from Vegetable Oils”, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, (2018).
  • [23] Engine Manufacturers Association. enginemanufacturers library. [Online]. Available: www.enginemanufacturers.org/admin/library/upload/. (2017).
  • [24] Leung DYC, Koo BCP, Guo Y. “Degradation of biodiesel under different storage conditions”, Bioresource Technology, 97: 250-256, (2005).
  • [25] El-gharbawy A, Sadik W, Sadek O, Kasaby M. “A review on biodiesel feedstocks and production technologies”, Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society, 66: 5098-5109, (2021).
  • [26] Fuel terminology & technology Ltd. “Fuel terminology & technology. [Online]. Available: http://www.westbiofuels.com/, (2006).
  • [27] NF EN ISO 6883, “Animal and vegetable fats and oils - Determination of conventional mass per volume”, ISO international, (2017).
  • [28] ISO 660, “Animal and vegetable fats and oils - Determination of acid value and acidity”, ISO international, (2020).
  • [29]ASTM D6423, “Standard Test Method for Determination of pHe of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Ethanol Fuel Blends”, ASTM International, (2014).
  • [30] Catherine B, Acques C, Xavier D, David D, Rosalie-Maude SA, “La production de biodiesel à partir des cultures oléagineuses”, Quebec Agriculture and Agri-Food Reference Centre, (2008).
  • [31] Bazooyar B, Hallajbashi N, Shariati A, Ghorbani A, “An Investigation of the Effect of Input Air Upon Combustion Performance and Emissions of Biodiesel and Diesel Fuel in an Experimental Boiler”, Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 36: 383-392 (2014).
  • [32] weather2visit. Beni Mellal Weather in July 02 08 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.weather2visit.com/africa/morocco/beni-mellal-july.htm, (2021).
  • [33] weather2visit. Beni Mellal Weather in August”, 02 09 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.weather2visit.com/africa/morocco/beni-mellal-august.htm, (2021).
  • [34] Enamul H and Lu Pui G. “Biodiesel from Plant Resources—Sustainable Solution to Ever Increasing Fuel Oil Demands”, Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems. 3: 163-170, (2013).
  • [35] Thirumarimurugan M, Sivakumar VM, Xavier AM, Prabhakaran D, Kannadasan T. “Preparation of Biodiesel from Sunflower Oil by Transesterification”, International Journal of Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics. 2: 441-444, (2012).
  • [36] Dworakowska S, Bednarz S, Bogdal D. “Production of biodiesel from rapeseed oil”, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, The 1st World Sustainability Forum, Basel, Switzerland, 1-6 (2011).
  • [37] Andrew EE Gillian O and Inambao F. “Biodiesel methyl ester production and testing from selected African tropical seed oil feedstocks”, Energy Procedia. 142: 755-767, (2017).
  • [38] ISO 660. “Animal and vegetable fats and oils -Determination of acid value and acidity”, International Standardization Organization, (2020).
  • [39] Joshi S, Gogate PR, Paulo F,Giudici R. “Intensification of biodiesel production from soybean oil and waste cooking oil in the presence of heterogeneous catalyst using high speed homogenizer”, Ultrasonics - Sonochemistry, 39: 645-653, (2017).
  • [40] Al-Saif AM and Hossain AS. “Biodiesel fuel production from soybean oil waste as agricultural bio-resource”, Australian Journal of Crop Science. 4: 538-542, (2010).
  • [41] Sousaa LS, Mouraa CVR, Oliveira JE, Moura EM. “Use of natural antioxidants in soybean biodiesel”, Fuel. 134: 420-428, (2014).
  • [42] Encinar JE, Pardal A, Sánchez N, Nogales S, “Biodiesel by Transesterification of Rapeseed Oil Using Ultrasound: A Kinetic Study of Base-Catalysed Reactions”, Energies (2018).
  • [43] Chandra B, “The critical review of biodiesel as a transportation fuel in Canada”, Principle of GCSI-Global change strategies. Canada. (2004).
  • [44] Siddharth J, Sharma M. “Effect of metal contents on oxidation stability of biodiesel/diesel blends”, Fuel. 116: 14-18, (2013).
  • [45] Razzaq L, Farooq M, Mujtaba MA, Sher F. “Modeling Viscosity and Density of Ethanol-DieselBiodiesel Ternary Blends for Sustainable Environment”, sustainability, 12:1-20, (2020).
  • [46] Yang H,Li XH, MU MF, Kou GY. “Comparative Performance and Emissions Study of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine Using Diesel Fuel and Soybean Biodiesel”, Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, 20: 201-210. (2017).
  • [47] Leung DYC, Koo BCP, Guo Y. “Degradation of biodiesel under different storage conditions”, Bioresource Technology, 97: 250-256, (2006).
  • [48] Yakup SEKMEN, Abdurrazzak AKTAŞ. “Effects of Soybean Oil Methyl Ester on Diesel Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions”, Politeknik Dergisi, 11: 249-254, (2022).
Toplam 48 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Soufiane Ghanimi 0000-0001-8582-038X

Badreddine Elmejhed 0000-0001-9834-4036

Wafa Terouzı 0000-0001-6076-8597

Fouzia Kzaiber 0000-0001-8927-9607

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Mart 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Ağustos 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Ghanimi, S., Elmejhed, B., Terouzı, W., Kzaiber, F. (2024). Comparison and Storage Stability of Biodiesels from Expired oils. Politeknik Dergisi, 27(2), 639-651. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1161932
AMA Ghanimi S, Elmejhed B, Terouzı W, Kzaiber F. Comparison and Storage Stability of Biodiesels from Expired oils. Politeknik Dergisi. Mart 2024;27(2):639-651. doi:10.2339/politeknik.1161932
Chicago Ghanimi, Soufiane, Badreddine Elmejhed, Wafa Terouzı, ve Fouzia Kzaiber. “Comparison and Storage Stability of Biodiesels from Expired Oils”. Politeknik Dergisi 27, sy. 2 (Mart 2024): 639-51. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1161932.
EndNote Ghanimi S, Elmejhed B, Terouzı W, Kzaiber F (01 Mart 2024) Comparison and Storage Stability of Biodiesels from Expired oils. Politeknik Dergisi 27 2 639–651.
IEEE S. Ghanimi, B. Elmejhed, W. Terouzı, ve F. Kzaiber, “Comparison and Storage Stability of Biodiesels from Expired oils”, Politeknik Dergisi, c. 27, sy. 2, ss. 639–651, 2024, doi: 10.2339/politeknik.1161932.
ISNAD Ghanimi, Soufiane vd. “Comparison and Storage Stability of Biodiesels from Expired Oils”. Politeknik Dergisi 27/2 (Mart 2024), 639-651. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1161932.
JAMA Ghanimi S, Elmejhed B, Terouzı W, Kzaiber F. Comparison and Storage Stability of Biodiesels from Expired oils. Politeknik Dergisi. 2024;27:639–651.
MLA Ghanimi, Soufiane vd. “Comparison and Storage Stability of Biodiesels from Expired Oils”. Politeknik Dergisi, c. 27, sy. 2, 2024, ss. 639-51, doi:10.2339/politeknik.1161932.
Vancouver Ghanimi S, Elmejhed B, Terouzı W, Kzaiber F. Comparison and Storage Stability of Biodiesels from Expired oils. Politeknik Dergisi. 2024;27(2):639-51.
 
TARANDIĞIMIZ DİZİNLER (ABSTRACTING / INDEXING)
181341319013191 13189 13187 13188 18016

download Bu eser Creative Commons Atıf-AynıLisanslaPaylaş 4.0 Uluslararası ile lisanslanmıştır.