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Gaz Tungsten Ark Kaynaklı 9Ni Kriyojenik Çelik Bağlantının İçyapı ve Mekanik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi**

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 63 Sayı: 706, 117 - 137, 10.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.46399/muhendismakina.999079

Öz

Sıvılaştırılmış doğal gaza (LNG) olan talebin sürekli artmasına paralel olarak LNG depolama tanklarının imalinde düşük sıcaklıklarda mükemmel tokluk, yüksek süneklik ve çatlama direnci gibi olağanüstü özelliklere sahip olan %9 Ni içerikli çelik levhaların kullanımı da artmaktadır. Bu malzemelerin kaynağında, hem ergime bölgesi hem de ısıdan etkilenen bölge dahil olmak üzere tüm kaynak bölgesinde düşük sıcaklık kırılma tokluğu, kabul edilebilir bir seviyede tutulmalıdır. Bu çalışmada, Ni-bazlı bir dolgu teli kullanılarak gaz tungsten ark kaynağı (GTAK) yapılmış 10 mm kalınlığında %9 Ni içerikli düşük alaşımlı kriyojenik çelik kaynaklı bağlantının kaynak bölgesinde içyapıda meydana gelen değişimler ve mekanik özellikleri sunulacaktır. Kaynak bölgesinde oluşan içyapılar optik mikroskop ile detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. Elde edilen kaynaklı bağlantının mekanik özellikleri ve kaynak performans değerleri çekme deneyi ve mikrosertlik ölçümleri ile belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, kaynaklı bağlantının -196 °C’deki darbe enerjisi Charpy çentikli darbe deneyi ile tespit edilmiş ve esas levhanın bu sıcaklıktaki kırılma tokluğu ile mukayese edilmiştir.

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma, TEKFEN İmalat ve Mühendislik A. Ş. tarafından yürütülen 3191473 nolu ‘9 Nikelli Malzeme ile Depolama Tankının Geliştirilmesi’ başlıklı TÜBİTAK-TEYDEB projesi kapsamında yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın yürütülmesi için yapmış olduğu finansal destek dolayısıyla TÜBİTAK’a (Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu’na) ve TEKFEN İmalat ve Mühendislik A. Ş. Genel Müdürü Sayın Ali Malik ARUN’a ve Genel Md. Yrd. Sayın Mehmet Emin BİLGİN’e teşekkür ederiz. Ayrıca, bu çalışma kapsamında gerçekleştirilen metalografi çalışmaları, mikrosertlik ölçümleri ve mekanik testlerin (çekme ve bükme deneyleri) yapılmasındaki desteklerinden dolayı NOKSEL Çelik Boru Sanayi A.Ş., İskenderun’dan Sedat UYSAL’a (Fabrika Müdürü) ve Tuğrul YAZGAN’a da teşekkürü bir borç biliriz.

Kaynakça

  • Park, J.Y., Lee, J.M., Kim, M.H. 2016. “An investigation of the mechanical properties of a weldment of 7% nickel alloy steels”, Metals, 6(285), pp. 1-10.
  • Hany, S., Duponchel, B., Poupin, C., Abou Kais, A., Dewael, D., Vogt J.B., Bouquerel, J., Kacem, H., Mouftiez, A., Hariri, S., Milochova, M., Bychkov, E., Abi Aad, E. 2014. “Microstructural and mechanical properties of 9%Ni steels used for the construction of LNG storage tanks”, Advanced Materials Research, 936, pp. 1953-1957.
  • Kumar, S., Kwo, H.T., Choi, K.H., Lim, W., Cho, J.H., Tak, K., Moon, I. 2011. “LNG: An eco-friendly cryogenic fuel for sustainable development”, Applied Energy, 88, pp. 4264-4273.
  • Shin, H.S., Lee, H.M., Kim, M.S. 2000. “Impact tensile behaviors of 9% nickel steel at low temperature”, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 24, pp. 571-581.
  • Hoshino, M., Saitoh, N., Muraoka, H., Saeki, O. 2004. “Development of super-9% Ni steel plates with superior low-temperature toughness for LNG storage tanks”, Shinnittetsu Giho, 90, pp. 17-20.
  • Mu, W., Li, Y., Cai, Y., Wang, M. 2018. “Cryogenic fracture toughness of 9% Ni steel flux cored arc welds”, J. Mater Process Technol., 252, pp. 804-812.
  • El-Batahgy, A.M., Gumenyuk, A., Gook, S., Rethmeier, M. 2018. “Comparison between GTA and laser beam welding of 9%Ni steel for critical cryogenic applications”, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 261, pp. 193-201.
  • Yoon, Y.K., Kim, J.H., Shim, K.T. 2012. “Mechanical characteristics of 9% Ni steel welded joint for LNG storage tank at cryogenic”, Int. J. Mod. Phys. Conf. Ser., 6, pp. 355-360.
  • Khourshid, A.F.M., Ghanem, M.A.A. 2013. “The influence of welding conditions on mechanical properties of 9% Ni steel welded joints of liquefied natural gas tank”, Int. J. Eng. Sci., 2(1), pp. 179-185.
  • Mu, W., Cai, Y., Wang, M., Hua, X. 2020. “Microstructure characteristics and properties of fusion boundary in 9%Ni steel joint filled with Ni-based alloy”, Materials Characterization, 165, 110390.
  • Ohkita, S. 2003. “Control of strength and toughness in weld metals”, Weld. Int., 17(9), pp. 693-698.
  • Kim, Y.K., Kim, Y.W., Kim, J.H. 2014. “Welding residual stress and strength of thick 9% nickel steel plate”, J. Kor. Soc. Power Syst. Eng., 18, pp. 85-90. 13. Arivazhagan, B., Vasudevan, M.J. 2015. “Studies on A-TIG welding of 2.25Cr-1Mo (P22) steel”, J. Manuf. Process., 18, pp. 55-59.
  • Kim, S.H., Kang, C.Y., Bang, K.S. 2001. “Weld metal impact toughness of electron beam welded 9% Ni steel”, J. Mater. Sci., 36, pp. 1197-1200.
  • Khodir, S., Shibayanagi, T., Takahashi, M., Abdel-Aleem, H., Ikeuchi, K. 2014. “Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of high strength 3–9% Ni-steel alloys weld metals produced by electron beam welding”, Mater. Des., 60, pp. 391-400.
  • Huang, Z., Cai, Y., Mu, W., Li, Y., Hua, X. 2018. “Effects of laser energy allocation on weld formation of 9% Ni steel made by narrow gap laser welding filled with nickel based alloy”, Journal of Laser Applications, 30, 032013.
  • Xin, D., Cai, Y., Hua, X. 2019. “Effect of preheating on microstructure and low-temperature toughness for coarse-grained heat-affected zone of 5% Ni steel joint made by laser welding”, Welding in the World, 63, pp. 1229-1241.
  • Heidarzadeh, A., Mironov, S., Kaibyshev, R., Çam, G., Simar, A., Gerlich, A., Khodabakhshi, F., Mostafaei, A., Field, D.P., Robson, J.D., Deschamps, A., Withers, P.J. 2021. “Friction stir welding/processing of metals and alloys: A comprehensive review on microstructural evolution”, Progress in Materials Science, 117, 100752.
  • Çam, G., İpekoğlu, G. 2017. “Recent developments in joining of aluminium alloys”, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 91(5-8), pp. 1851-1866.
  • Çam, G. 2005. “Friction stir welding (FSW) - A novel welding technology developed for Al-Alloys”, Mühendis ve Makina (Engineer and Machinery), 46(541), pp.30-39 (in Turkish).
  • Von Strombeck, A., Çam, G., Dos Santos, J.F., Ventzke, V., Koçak, M. 2001. “A comparison between microstructure, properties, and toughness behavior of power beam and friction stir welds in Al-alloys”, in Proc. of the TMS 2001 Annual Meeting Aluminum, Automotive and Joining (New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, February 12-14, 2001), eds: S.K. Das, J.G. Kaufman, and T.J. Lienert, pub.: TMS, Warrendale, PA, USA, pp. 249-264.
  • Çam, G., İpekoğlu, G., Serindağ, H.T. 2014. “Effects of use of higher strength interlayer and external cooling on properties of friction stir welded AA6061-T6 joints”, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 19(8), pp. 715-720.
  • Küçükömeroğlu, T., Şentürk, E., Kara, L., İpekoğlu, G., Çam, G. 2016. “Microstructural and mechanical properties of friction stir welded nickel-aluminum bronze (NAB) alloy”, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 25(1), 320-326.
  • Çam, G., Mıstıkoğlu, S., Pakdil, M. 2009. “Microstructural and mechanical characterization of friction stir butt joint welded 63%Cu-37%Zn brass plate”, Weld. J., 88(11), pp. 225-232.
  • Çam, G., Serindağ, H.T., Çakan, A., Mıstıkoğlu, S., Yavuz, H. 2008. “The effect of weld parameters on friction stir welding of brass plates”, Mat.-wiss. u. Werkstofftech., 39(6), pp. 394-399.
  • Çam, G. 2011. Friction stir welded structural materials: Beyond Al-alloys, Int. Mater. Rev., 56(1), pp. 1-48.
  • Çam, G., Yeni, Ç., Erim, S., Ventzke, V., Koçak, M. 1998. “Investigation into Properties of Laser Welded Similar and Dissimilar Steel Joints”, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 3(4), pp. 177-189.
  • Çam, G., İpekoğlu, G., Küçükömeroğlu, T., Aktarer, S.M. 2017. “Applicability of friction stir welding to steels”, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, 80(2), pp. 65-85.
  • İpekoğlu, G., Küçükömeroğlu, T., Aktarer, S.M., Sekban, D.M., Çam, G. 2019. “Investigation of microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded dissimilar St37/St52 joints”, Materials Research Express, 6(4), 046537.
  • Küçükömeroğlu, T., Aktarer, S.M., İpekoğlu, G., Çam, G. 2018. “Mechanical properties of friction stir welded St 37 and St 44 steel joints”, Materials Testing, 60(12), pp. 1163-1170.
  • Küçükömeroğlu, T., Aktarer, S.M., İpekoğlu, G., Çam, G. 2018. “Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded St52 steel joints”, International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 25(12), pp. 1457-1464.
  • Küçükömeroğlu, T., Aktarer, S.M., İpekoğlu, G., Çam, G. 2019. “Investigation of mechanical and microstructural properties of friction stir welded dual phase (DP) steel”, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 629, 012010.
  • Çam, G., Meran, C. 2009. “Friction stir welding of steels”, Mühendis ve Makine (Engineer and Machinery), 50(599), pp. 24-32 (in Turkish).
  • Çam, G., Erim, S., Yeni, Ç., Koçak, M. 1999. “Determination of mechanical and fracture properties of laser beam welded steel joints”, Welding Journal, 78(6), pp. 193-201.
  • Çam, G., Koçak, M. 2007. “Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Electron Beam Welded Al-Alloy 7020”, J. Mater. Sci., 42(17), pp. 7154-7161.
  • Çam, G., Ventzke, V., dos Santos, J.F., Koçak, M., Jennequin, G., Gonthier-Maurin, P., Penasa, M., Rivezla, C. 1999. “Characterization of laser and electron beam welded Al-alloys”, Practical Metallography, 36(2), pp. 59-89.
  • Çam, G., Ventzke, V., dos Santos, J.F., Koçak, M., Jennequin, G., Gonthier-Maurin, P. 1999. “Characterisation of electron beam welded aluminium alloys”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 4(5), pp. 317-323.
  • İpekoğlu, G., Çam, G. 2019. “Formation of weld defects in cold metal transfer arc welded 7075-T6 plates and its effect on joint performance”, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 629, 012007.”
  • Koçak, M., Pakdil, M., Çam, G. 2002. “Fracture behaviour of diffusion bonded Ti-Alloys with strength mismatch”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 7(4), pp. 187-196.
  • Çam, G., Koçak, M., Dobi, D,, Heikinheimo, L., Siren, M. 1997. “Fracture behaviour of diffusion bonded bimaterial Ti-Al joints”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2(3), pp. 95-101.

Determination of Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Gas Tungsten Arc Welded 9Ni Cryogenic Steel Joint

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 63 Sayı: 706, 117 - 137, 10.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.46399/muhendismakina.999079

Öz

In parallel to continuously increasing demand for liquefied natural gas (LNG) which is a clean energy source, the use of 9% Ni steel plates is also increasing in the production of LNG storage tanks, due to their outstanding combination of properties such as excellent toughness, high ductility and cracking resistance at very low temperatures. During the welding of this material, low temperature fracture toughness should be kept at an acceptable level within the weld region including both fusion and heat affected zones. This study introduces the result of microstructural evolution in the weld region and the mechanical properties of the gas tungsten arc welded 10 mm thick 9% Ni containing low alloy steel joint produced by using a Ni-based filler wire. The microstructures evolved in the weld region were examined by extensive optical microscopy investigations. Mechanical properties and joint performance values of the welded joints were determined by detailed microhardness measurements and transverse tensile tests. Moreover, impact energy of the joint fabricated was also determined at -196 °C by Charpy impact test (Charpy V-notch test) and compared with the fracture toughness of the base plate at the same temperature.

Kaynakça

  • Park, J.Y., Lee, J.M., Kim, M.H. 2016. “An investigation of the mechanical properties of a weldment of 7% nickel alloy steels”, Metals, 6(285), pp. 1-10.
  • Hany, S., Duponchel, B., Poupin, C., Abou Kais, A., Dewael, D., Vogt J.B., Bouquerel, J., Kacem, H., Mouftiez, A., Hariri, S., Milochova, M., Bychkov, E., Abi Aad, E. 2014. “Microstructural and mechanical properties of 9%Ni steels used for the construction of LNG storage tanks”, Advanced Materials Research, 936, pp. 1953-1957.
  • Kumar, S., Kwo, H.T., Choi, K.H., Lim, W., Cho, J.H., Tak, K., Moon, I. 2011. “LNG: An eco-friendly cryogenic fuel for sustainable development”, Applied Energy, 88, pp. 4264-4273.
  • Shin, H.S., Lee, H.M., Kim, M.S. 2000. “Impact tensile behaviors of 9% nickel steel at low temperature”, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 24, pp. 571-581.
  • Hoshino, M., Saitoh, N., Muraoka, H., Saeki, O. 2004. “Development of super-9% Ni steel plates with superior low-temperature toughness for LNG storage tanks”, Shinnittetsu Giho, 90, pp. 17-20.
  • Mu, W., Li, Y., Cai, Y., Wang, M. 2018. “Cryogenic fracture toughness of 9% Ni steel flux cored arc welds”, J. Mater Process Technol., 252, pp. 804-812.
  • El-Batahgy, A.M., Gumenyuk, A., Gook, S., Rethmeier, M. 2018. “Comparison between GTA and laser beam welding of 9%Ni steel for critical cryogenic applications”, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 261, pp. 193-201.
  • Yoon, Y.K., Kim, J.H., Shim, K.T. 2012. “Mechanical characteristics of 9% Ni steel welded joint for LNG storage tank at cryogenic”, Int. J. Mod. Phys. Conf. Ser., 6, pp. 355-360.
  • Khourshid, A.F.M., Ghanem, M.A.A. 2013. “The influence of welding conditions on mechanical properties of 9% Ni steel welded joints of liquefied natural gas tank”, Int. J. Eng. Sci., 2(1), pp. 179-185.
  • Mu, W., Cai, Y., Wang, M., Hua, X. 2020. “Microstructure characteristics and properties of fusion boundary in 9%Ni steel joint filled with Ni-based alloy”, Materials Characterization, 165, 110390.
  • Ohkita, S. 2003. “Control of strength and toughness in weld metals”, Weld. Int., 17(9), pp. 693-698.
  • Kim, Y.K., Kim, Y.W., Kim, J.H. 2014. “Welding residual stress and strength of thick 9% nickel steel plate”, J. Kor. Soc. Power Syst. Eng., 18, pp. 85-90. 13. Arivazhagan, B., Vasudevan, M.J. 2015. “Studies on A-TIG welding of 2.25Cr-1Mo (P22) steel”, J. Manuf. Process., 18, pp. 55-59.
  • Kim, S.H., Kang, C.Y., Bang, K.S. 2001. “Weld metal impact toughness of electron beam welded 9% Ni steel”, J. Mater. Sci., 36, pp. 1197-1200.
  • Khodir, S., Shibayanagi, T., Takahashi, M., Abdel-Aleem, H., Ikeuchi, K. 2014. “Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of high strength 3–9% Ni-steel alloys weld metals produced by electron beam welding”, Mater. Des., 60, pp. 391-400.
  • Huang, Z., Cai, Y., Mu, W., Li, Y., Hua, X. 2018. “Effects of laser energy allocation on weld formation of 9% Ni steel made by narrow gap laser welding filled with nickel based alloy”, Journal of Laser Applications, 30, 032013.
  • Xin, D., Cai, Y., Hua, X. 2019. “Effect of preheating on microstructure and low-temperature toughness for coarse-grained heat-affected zone of 5% Ni steel joint made by laser welding”, Welding in the World, 63, pp. 1229-1241.
  • Heidarzadeh, A., Mironov, S., Kaibyshev, R., Çam, G., Simar, A., Gerlich, A., Khodabakhshi, F., Mostafaei, A., Field, D.P., Robson, J.D., Deschamps, A., Withers, P.J. 2021. “Friction stir welding/processing of metals and alloys: A comprehensive review on microstructural evolution”, Progress in Materials Science, 117, 100752.
  • Çam, G., İpekoğlu, G. 2017. “Recent developments in joining of aluminium alloys”, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 91(5-8), pp. 1851-1866.
  • Çam, G. 2005. “Friction stir welding (FSW) - A novel welding technology developed for Al-Alloys”, Mühendis ve Makina (Engineer and Machinery), 46(541), pp.30-39 (in Turkish).
  • Von Strombeck, A., Çam, G., Dos Santos, J.F., Ventzke, V., Koçak, M. 2001. “A comparison between microstructure, properties, and toughness behavior of power beam and friction stir welds in Al-alloys”, in Proc. of the TMS 2001 Annual Meeting Aluminum, Automotive and Joining (New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, February 12-14, 2001), eds: S.K. Das, J.G. Kaufman, and T.J. Lienert, pub.: TMS, Warrendale, PA, USA, pp. 249-264.
  • Çam, G., İpekoğlu, G., Serindağ, H.T. 2014. “Effects of use of higher strength interlayer and external cooling on properties of friction stir welded AA6061-T6 joints”, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 19(8), pp. 715-720.
  • Küçükömeroğlu, T., Şentürk, E., Kara, L., İpekoğlu, G., Çam, G. 2016. “Microstructural and mechanical properties of friction stir welded nickel-aluminum bronze (NAB) alloy”, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 25(1), 320-326.
  • Çam, G., Mıstıkoğlu, S., Pakdil, M. 2009. “Microstructural and mechanical characterization of friction stir butt joint welded 63%Cu-37%Zn brass plate”, Weld. J., 88(11), pp. 225-232.
  • Çam, G., Serindağ, H.T., Çakan, A., Mıstıkoğlu, S., Yavuz, H. 2008. “The effect of weld parameters on friction stir welding of brass plates”, Mat.-wiss. u. Werkstofftech., 39(6), pp. 394-399.
  • Çam, G. 2011. Friction stir welded structural materials: Beyond Al-alloys, Int. Mater. Rev., 56(1), pp. 1-48.
  • Çam, G., Yeni, Ç., Erim, S., Ventzke, V., Koçak, M. 1998. “Investigation into Properties of Laser Welded Similar and Dissimilar Steel Joints”, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 3(4), pp. 177-189.
  • Çam, G., İpekoğlu, G., Küçükömeroğlu, T., Aktarer, S.M. 2017. “Applicability of friction stir welding to steels”, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, 80(2), pp. 65-85.
  • İpekoğlu, G., Küçükömeroğlu, T., Aktarer, S.M., Sekban, D.M., Çam, G. 2019. “Investigation of microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded dissimilar St37/St52 joints”, Materials Research Express, 6(4), 046537.
  • Küçükömeroğlu, T., Aktarer, S.M., İpekoğlu, G., Çam, G. 2018. “Mechanical properties of friction stir welded St 37 and St 44 steel joints”, Materials Testing, 60(12), pp. 1163-1170.
  • Küçükömeroğlu, T., Aktarer, S.M., İpekoğlu, G., Çam, G. 2018. “Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded St52 steel joints”, International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 25(12), pp. 1457-1464.
  • Küçükömeroğlu, T., Aktarer, S.M., İpekoğlu, G., Çam, G. 2019. “Investigation of mechanical and microstructural properties of friction stir welded dual phase (DP) steel”, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 629, 012010.
  • Çam, G., Meran, C. 2009. “Friction stir welding of steels”, Mühendis ve Makine (Engineer and Machinery), 50(599), pp. 24-32 (in Turkish).
  • Çam, G., Erim, S., Yeni, Ç., Koçak, M. 1999. “Determination of mechanical and fracture properties of laser beam welded steel joints”, Welding Journal, 78(6), pp. 193-201.
  • Çam, G., Koçak, M. 2007. “Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Electron Beam Welded Al-Alloy 7020”, J. Mater. Sci., 42(17), pp. 7154-7161.
  • Çam, G., Ventzke, V., dos Santos, J.F., Koçak, M., Jennequin, G., Gonthier-Maurin, P., Penasa, M., Rivezla, C. 1999. “Characterization of laser and electron beam welded Al-alloys”, Practical Metallography, 36(2), pp. 59-89.
  • Çam, G., Ventzke, V., dos Santos, J.F., Koçak, M., Jennequin, G., Gonthier-Maurin, P. 1999. “Characterisation of electron beam welded aluminium alloys”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 4(5), pp. 317-323.
  • İpekoğlu, G., Çam, G. 2019. “Formation of weld defects in cold metal transfer arc welded 7075-T6 plates and its effect on joint performance”, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 629, 012007.”
  • Koçak, M., Pakdil, M., Çam, G. 2002. “Fracture behaviour of diffusion bonded Ti-Alloys with strength mismatch”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 7(4), pp. 187-196.
  • Çam, G., Koçak, M., Dobi, D,, Heikinheimo, L., Siren, M. 1997. “Fracture behaviour of diffusion bonded bimaterial Ti-Al joints”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2(3), pp. 95-101.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Hüseyin Tarık Serindağ 0000-0003-3864-8147

Cemal Tardu Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-2016-5083

İshak Özer Kırçiçek Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-5643-6554

Gürel Çam 0000-0003-0222-9274

Yayımlanma Tarihi 10 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Eylül 2021
Kabul Tarihi 18 Ekim 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 63 Sayı: 706

Kaynak Göster

APA Serindağ, H. T., Tardu, C., Kırçiçek, İ. Ö., Çam, G. (2021). Gaz Tungsten Ark Kaynaklı 9Ni Kriyojenik Çelik Bağlantının İçyapı ve Mekanik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi**. Mühendis Ve Makina, 63(706), 117-137. https://doi.org/10.46399/muhendismakina.999079

Derginin DergiPark'a aktarımı devam ettiğinden arşiv sayılarına https://www.mmo.org.tr/muhendismakina adresinden erişebilirsiniz.

ISSN : 1300-3402

E-ISSN : 2667-7520