Araştırma Makalesi
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The Characterization of Crushed Natural Stone Aggregates

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 55 - 77, 31.12.2021

Öz

Marble and volcanic rocks are a widespread aggregate resource and are increasingly being used in concrete constructions worldwide. This paper presents a study's results to compare the properties of concretes prepared with marble, andesite, and basalt used as aggregates. Three aggregate types were supplied locally from three different areas in Turkey. Chemical, petrographic, and mineralogical analysis was carried out on all these samples. A variety of laboratory tests determined the physical and mechanical properties of all aggregates. Water absorption, material finer than 63 µm, Los Angeles abrasion test, Mg2SO4 soundness, and alkali-silica reaction indicate that andesite aggregate is of lower quality than basalt marble aggregates. Test results show that crushed marble concrete has the highest workability, followed by crushed basalt and crushed andesite aggregates.

Kaynakça

  • Al-Oraimi, S.K., Taha, R., Hassan, H.F. (2006) The effect of the mineralogy of coarse aggregate on the mechanical properties of high-strength concrete. Constr Build Mater, 20:499–503
  • Alonso, E., Martínez, L., Martínez, W., Villaseñor, L. (2002) Mechanical properties of concrete elaborated with igneous aggregates. Cement Concr Res, 32:317–321
  • ASTM C 597 (2002) Standard test method for pulse velocity through concrete. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Vol. 04.02. West Conshohocken, PA.
  • ASTM C 1260-94 (1997) Standard test method for potential alkali reactivity of aggregates, Annual Book of ASTM Standards; Section Concrete and Mineral Aggregates, Philadelphia
  • Black, P.M. (2005) Andesites as resources for roading and concrete industries, North Island of New Zealand. Proceedings of the 2005 New Zealand Minerals Conference, pp 328-338, Crown Minerals, Ministry of Economic Development, and the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, New Zealand Branch.
  • Donza, H., Cabrera, O., Irassar, E.F. (2002) High-strength concrete with different fine aggregate. Cement Concr Res, 32:1755–1761
  • El-Dash, K.M., Ramadan, M.O. (2006) Effect of aggregate on the performance of confined concrete. Cement Concr Res, 36:599 – 605
  • Etxeberria, M., Mari, A.R., Va´zquez, E. (2007) Recycled aggregate concrete as structural material. Mater Struct, 40:529–541
  • Ikeda, T., Kawabata, Y., Hamada, H., Sagawa, Y. (2008) Alkali-silica reactivity of andesite in NaCl saturated solution. International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures (ICDCS 2008): 26-27 November 2008: Hangzhou, China p1-8
  • Kawabata, Y., Yamada, K., Matsushita, H. (2007) Petrological study on evaluating of alkali-silica reactivity and expansion analysis of andesite. Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu E, 63:689-703
  • Kılıç, A., Atiş, C.D., Teymen, A., Karahan, O., Özcan, F., Bilim, C., Özdemir, M. (2008) The influence of aggregate type on the strength and abrasion resistance of high strength concrete. Cement Concr Res, 30 (4):290-296
  • Korkanç, M., Tugrul, A. (2004) Evaluation of selected basalts from Niğde, Turkey, as source of concrete aggregates. Eng Geol, 75:291–307
  • Lamond, J.F., Pielert, J.H. (2006) Significance of tests and properties of concrete and concrete-making materials. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, 337-354.
  • Le Bas, M.J., Streckeisen, A.L. (1991) The IUGS systematics of igneous rocks, Journal of the Geological Society, London, 148:825-833
  • Le Bas, M.J., Le Maitre, R.W., Woolley, A.R. (1992) The construction of the total alkali-silica chemical classification of volcanic rocks. Miner Petrol, 46:1-22
  • Limbachiya, M.C., Leelawat, T., Dhir, R.K. (2000) Use of recycled concrete aggregate in high-strength concrete. Mater Struct, 33:574-580
  • Marzouk, H., Langdon, S. (2003) The effect of alkali-aggregate reactivity on the mechanical properties of high and normal strength concrete. Cement Concr Compos, 25:549–556
  • Meddah, M.S., Zitouni, S., Belâabes, S., (2010) Effect of content and particle size distribution of coarse aggregate on the compressive strength of concrete. Constr Build Mater, 24:505–512
  • Neville, A.M., Brooks, J.J. (2002) Concrete Technology, Person Education Ltd, Delhi, India. 2 Edition, Pp 8-15,18-34, 363-384.
  • Özturan, T., Çeçen, C. (1997) Effect of coarse aggregate type on mechanical properties of concretes with different strengths. Cement Concr Res, 27 (2):165–170
  • Poitevin, P. (1999) Marble aggregate concrete, usefulness and durability. Cement Concr Compos, 21:89–97
  • Rached, M., De Moya, M., Fowler, D.W. (2009) Utilizing aggregates characteristics to minimize cement content in portland cement concrete. Report No.ICAR 401, International Center for Aggregates Research (ICAR). National Technical Information Service Springfield, Virginia 22161
  • Smith, M.R., Collis, L. (Eds.) (1993) Aggregates - Sand, gravel and crushed rock aggregates for construction purposes: London, Geological Society Engineering Geology Special Publication No.9, The Geological Society, 339 p.
  • TS 3624 (1981) Test method for determination the specific gravity the absorption water and the void ratio in hardened concrete, Ankara.
  • TS 3527, (1980) Test Method for determining the proportion of fine materials in aggregates, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara. Turkey
  • TS 3529 (1980) Test method for determination of the unit weight of aggregates for concrete, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara. Turkey
  • TS EN 197-1 (2005) Cement. Part 1: Compositions and conformity criteria for common cements, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara, Turkey
  • TS EN 206-1 (2002) Concrete- Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara, Turkey
  • TS EN 933–9 (2010) Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates - Part 9: Assessment of fines - Methylene blue test, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara, Turkey
  • TS 706 EN 12620 (2009) Aggregates for concrete, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara, Turkey
  • TS 3530 EN 933-1 (1999) Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates - part 1: determination of particle size distribution - sieving method. Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara. Turkey
  • TS 9582 EN 933–3 (1999) Determination of particle shape- flakiness index, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara. Turkey
  • TS EN 1097-2 (2000) Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 2: Methods for the determination of resistance to fragmentation, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara. Turkey
  • TS EN 1097–6 (2002) Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates- Part 6: Determination of particle density and water absorption, Ankara.
  • TS EN 1367-2 (1999) Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates - Part 2: Magnesium sulfate test, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara. Turkey
  • TS EN 1744-1 (2010) Tests for chemical properties of aggregates - Part 1: Chemical analysis, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara. Turkey
  • TS EN 12350–2 (2002) Testing fresh concrete - Part 2: Slump test, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara. Turkey
  • TS EN 12350-6 (2000) Testing fresh concrete - Part 6: Density, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara. Turkey
  • TS EN 12350-7 (2000) Testing fresh concrete - Part 7: Air content - Pressure methods, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara. Turkey
  • TS EN 12390-3 (2003) Testing hardened concrete - Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara. Turkey
  • Uysal, M. (2012) The influence of coarse aggregate type on mechanical properties of fly ash additive self-compacting concrete. Constr Build Mater, 37:533–540
  • Xiao, J.Z., Li, J.B., Zhang, C. (2006) On relationships between the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete: An overview. Mater Struct, 39:655-64.
  • Yılmaz, M., Tugrul, A. (2012) The effects of different sandstone aggregates on concrete strength. Constr Build Mater, 35:294–303
  • Zarif, I.H., Tuğrul, A. (2003) Aggregate properties of Devonian marbles for use in concrete in Istanbul, Turkey. Bull Eng Geol Env, 62:379–388
  • Wu, K.R., Chen, B., Yao, W., Zhang, D. (2001) Effect of coarse aggregate type on mechanical properties of high-performance concrete. Cement Concr Res, 31:1421–1425
  • Zega, C.J., Villagran-Zaccardi, Y.A., Di Maio, A.A. (2010) Effect of natural coarse aggregate type on the physical and mechanical properties of recycled coarse aggregates. Mater Struct, 43:195–202

Kırılmış Doğal Taş Agregaların Karakterizasyonu

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 55 - 77, 31.12.2021

Öz

Mermer ve volkanik kayaçlar yaygın bir agrega kaynağıdır ve dünya çapında beton yapılarda giderek daha fazla kullanılmaktadır. Bu makalede agrega olarak kullanılan mermer, andezit ve bazaltın karakterizasyonu amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Türkiye'deki üç farklı bölgeden üç agrega türü tedarik edilmiştir. Tüm bu numuneler üzerinde kimyasal, petrografik ve mineralojik analizler yapılmıştır. Çeşitli laboratuvar testleri ile tüm agregaların fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Su emme, 63 µm'den az malzeme, Los Angeles aşınma testi, Mg2SO4 sağlamlığı ve alkali-silika reaksiyonu, andezit agregasının bazalt mermer agregalarından daha düşük kalitede olduğunu göstermektedir. Test sonuçları, kırılmış mermer agregaların en yüksek beton işlenebilirliğine sahip olduğunu, ardından kırılmış bazalt ve andezit agregalarının geldiğini göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Al-Oraimi, S.K., Taha, R., Hassan, H.F. (2006) The effect of the mineralogy of coarse aggregate on the mechanical properties of high-strength concrete. Constr Build Mater, 20:499–503
  • Alonso, E., Martínez, L., Martínez, W., Villaseñor, L. (2002) Mechanical properties of concrete elaborated with igneous aggregates. Cement Concr Res, 32:317–321
  • ASTM C 597 (2002) Standard test method for pulse velocity through concrete. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Vol. 04.02. West Conshohocken, PA.
  • ASTM C 1260-94 (1997) Standard test method for potential alkali reactivity of aggregates, Annual Book of ASTM Standards; Section Concrete and Mineral Aggregates, Philadelphia
  • Black, P.M. (2005) Andesites as resources for roading and concrete industries, North Island of New Zealand. Proceedings of the 2005 New Zealand Minerals Conference, pp 328-338, Crown Minerals, Ministry of Economic Development, and the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, New Zealand Branch.
  • Donza, H., Cabrera, O., Irassar, E.F. (2002) High-strength concrete with different fine aggregate. Cement Concr Res, 32:1755–1761
  • El-Dash, K.M., Ramadan, M.O. (2006) Effect of aggregate on the performance of confined concrete. Cement Concr Res, 36:599 – 605
  • Etxeberria, M., Mari, A.R., Va´zquez, E. (2007) Recycled aggregate concrete as structural material. Mater Struct, 40:529–541
  • Ikeda, T., Kawabata, Y., Hamada, H., Sagawa, Y. (2008) Alkali-silica reactivity of andesite in NaCl saturated solution. International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures (ICDCS 2008): 26-27 November 2008: Hangzhou, China p1-8
  • Kawabata, Y., Yamada, K., Matsushita, H. (2007) Petrological study on evaluating of alkali-silica reactivity and expansion analysis of andesite. Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu E, 63:689-703
  • Kılıç, A., Atiş, C.D., Teymen, A., Karahan, O., Özcan, F., Bilim, C., Özdemir, M. (2008) The influence of aggregate type on the strength and abrasion resistance of high strength concrete. Cement Concr Res, 30 (4):290-296
  • Korkanç, M., Tugrul, A. (2004) Evaluation of selected basalts from Niğde, Turkey, as source of concrete aggregates. Eng Geol, 75:291–307
  • Lamond, J.F., Pielert, J.H. (2006) Significance of tests and properties of concrete and concrete-making materials. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, 337-354.
  • Le Bas, M.J., Streckeisen, A.L. (1991) The IUGS systematics of igneous rocks, Journal of the Geological Society, London, 148:825-833
  • Le Bas, M.J., Le Maitre, R.W., Woolley, A.R. (1992) The construction of the total alkali-silica chemical classification of volcanic rocks. Miner Petrol, 46:1-22
  • Limbachiya, M.C., Leelawat, T., Dhir, R.K. (2000) Use of recycled concrete aggregate in high-strength concrete. Mater Struct, 33:574-580
  • Marzouk, H., Langdon, S. (2003) The effect of alkali-aggregate reactivity on the mechanical properties of high and normal strength concrete. Cement Concr Compos, 25:549–556
  • Meddah, M.S., Zitouni, S., Belâabes, S., (2010) Effect of content and particle size distribution of coarse aggregate on the compressive strength of concrete. Constr Build Mater, 24:505–512
  • Neville, A.M., Brooks, J.J. (2002) Concrete Technology, Person Education Ltd, Delhi, India. 2 Edition, Pp 8-15,18-34, 363-384.
  • Özturan, T., Çeçen, C. (1997) Effect of coarse aggregate type on mechanical properties of concretes with different strengths. Cement Concr Res, 27 (2):165–170
  • Poitevin, P. (1999) Marble aggregate concrete, usefulness and durability. Cement Concr Compos, 21:89–97
  • Rached, M., De Moya, M., Fowler, D.W. (2009) Utilizing aggregates characteristics to minimize cement content in portland cement concrete. Report No.ICAR 401, International Center for Aggregates Research (ICAR). National Technical Information Service Springfield, Virginia 22161
  • Smith, M.R., Collis, L. (Eds.) (1993) Aggregates - Sand, gravel and crushed rock aggregates for construction purposes: London, Geological Society Engineering Geology Special Publication No.9, The Geological Society, 339 p.
  • TS 3624 (1981) Test method for determination the specific gravity the absorption water and the void ratio in hardened concrete, Ankara.
  • TS 3527, (1980) Test Method for determining the proportion of fine materials in aggregates, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara. Turkey
  • TS 3529 (1980) Test method for determination of the unit weight of aggregates for concrete, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara. Turkey
  • TS EN 197-1 (2005) Cement. Part 1: Compositions and conformity criteria for common cements, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara, Turkey
  • TS EN 206-1 (2002) Concrete- Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara, Turkey
  • TS EN 933–9 (2010) Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates - Part 9: Assessment of fines - Methylene blue test, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara, Turkey
  • TS 706 EN 12620 (2009) Aggregates for concrete, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara, Turkey
  • TS 3530 EN 933-1 (1999) Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates - part 1: determination of particle size distribution - sieving method. Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara. Turkey
  • TS 9582 EN 933–3 (1999) Determination of particle shape- flakiness index, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara. Turkey
  • TS EN 1097-2 (2000) Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 2: Methods for the determination of resistance to fragmentation, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara. Turkey
  • TS EN 1097–6 (2002) Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates- Part 6: Determination of particle density and water absorption, Ankara.
  • TS EN 1367-2 (1999) Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates - Part 2: Magnesium sulfate test, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara. Turkey
  • TS EN 1744-1 (2010) Tests for chemical properties of aggregates - Part 1: Chemical analysis, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara. Turkey
  • TS EN 12350–2 (2002) Testing fresh concrete - Part 2: Slump test, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara. Turkey
  • TS EN 12350-6 (2000) Testing fresh concrete - Part 6: Density, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara. Turkey
  • TS EN 12350-7 (2000) Testing fresh concrete - Part 7: Air content - Pressure methods, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara. Turkey
  • TS EN 12390-3 (2003) Testing hardened concrete - Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara. Turkey
  • Uysal, M. (2012) The influence of coarse aggregate type on mechanical properties of fly ash additive self-compacting concrete. Constr Build Mater, 37:533–540
  • Xiao, J.Z., Li, J.B., Zhang, C. (2006) On relationships between the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete: An overview. Mater Struct, 39:655-64.
  • Yılmaz, M., Tugrul, A. (2012) The effects of different sandstone aggregates on concrete strength. Constr Build Mater, 35:294–303
  • Zarif, I.H., Tuğrul, A. (2003) Aggregate properties of Devonian marbles for use in concrete in Istanbul, Turkey. Bull Eng Geol Env, 62:379–388
  • Wu, K.R., Chen, B., Yao, W., Zhang, D. (2001) Effect of coarse aggregate type on mechanical properties of high-performance concrete. Cement Concr Res, 31:1421–1425
  • Zega, C.J., Villagran-Zaccardi, Y.A., Di Maio, A.A. (2010) Effect of natural coarse aggregate type on the physical and mechanical properties of recycled coarse aggregates. Mater Struct, 43:195–202
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İnşaat Mühendisliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Mustafa Yavuz Çelik 0000-0002-9695-7370

Hüseyin Akbulut 0000-0003-4504-4384

Ahmet Şahbaz Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-4860-0000

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Çelik, M. Y., Akbulut, H., & Şahbaz, A. (2021). The Characterization of Crushed Natural Stone Aggregates. Journal of Innovations in Civil Engineering and Technology, 3(2), 55-77.