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THE DESIGN OF FATIGUE STRENGTH MACHINE BEING ONE OF THE METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MATERIALS USED IN THE INDUSTRY

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 79 - 88, 29.06.2018

AYDIN Şık AHMET Atak CEMİL Yavuz VEYSEL Özdemir

Öz

Machine parts fail to perform their tasks due to the
fatigue with the rate of 90%. The fatigue applications have been known since
the early days of the industrial revolution. The field of study on metal
fatigue has started to expand due to the increase in the use of steel
constructions in the systems of railway bridges in particular. It is of
critical importance for all of the engineering fields to produce designs
against the fatigue. Moreover, it is quite difficult to determine the initial
damages of the fatigue by way of observation and the initial damages of the
fatigue cannot be mostly recognized until a structural component becomes unusable.
Therefore, the determination of fatigue life of the structural members during
the stage of design and development results in a considerable decrease in
unexpected damage risk that may occur during the use. Thus, reliable methods
which can accurately predict the fatigue life are required. However, it is very
difficult to find one single method to determine the fatigue life because of
the presence of different loads and different designs. Finding a generally
accepted and unified method which can accommodate to the desired condition
removes difficulties in determining the fatigue life for each of the designs
separately and facilitates the design process against the fatigue. The fatigue
strength is normally found by means of Wöhler method. It is also called as the
method of (S-N) curves. In this method, each of test parts which are completely
same in terms of material, shape and the quality of surface are continually forced
to the stress at different levels and the number of cycles with which the
fracture occurs is determined.



In this study, a bending fatigue strength machine was
designed in accordance with the method of Wöhler curve. A linear motor enabling
a linear movement was used in the bending fatigue testing machine. The designed
bending fatigue machine was different from the existing machines in terms of
not occupying much area, noise being lower, non-requirement of the additional
apparatus (strap, camshaft, etc.) as the movement is linear; determination of
the force applied on the test sample directly in computer software and easiness
of the measurement and obtaining data such as on which life number the test
sample fractured. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fatigue Bending Fatigue Strength

Kaynakça

  • [1] Gönen, D., OraL, Ali , M., Çakır C., “Double Compression Ratio Fatigue Tester Design And Production” BAÜ FBE Dergisi Vol:10, No:1, 98-108, 2008
  • [2] Allah, Abd, Abdin M.H., , Enayat M., Selmy, A.I., Khashaba, U., “Short communication effect of mean stress on fatigue behaviour of GFRP pultruded rod composites”, Composites-Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol.28, No.1, 87-91, 1997
  • [3] Anık, S., “Material Information and Examination”, Üçer Publisher, İstanbul, 144–147, 1977
  • [4] Askeland, D.R., Translated; Erdoğan, M., “Materials Science and Engineering Materials”, Vol. II, Nobel Publisher, No. 128, Ankara, p, 348, 1998
  • [5] ASM Handbook, “Mechanical Testing and Evaluation”, Volume 8, p. 998, 2000
  • [6] Şık, A., “Effects of gas compositions on mechanical properties of MIG/MAG welded automobile”, Gazi University Institute of Science and Technology, Doctorate Thesis, 2002
  • [7] Bleier, F. B., Fan, “Handbook”, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1998
  • [8] Chen, W.F. and Lui, E.M., “Handbook of Structural Engineering”, CRC Press, ABD, 2005
  • [9] Esin, A., “Properties of Materials for Design”, O.D.T.Ü. Publisher, 69, 538, 1981
  • [10] James, M. N., Hattingh, D. G., Baadley, G. R.: “International Journal of Fatigue”, Vol.25, P.1389, 2003
  • [11] Özdemir, R., “Design and production of hydraulic testing device for fatigue testing of low strength materials” Süleyman Demirel University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Graduate Thesis Mechanical Engineering, Isparta, 2012
  • [12] Kim, H. Y., Marrero, T.R., Yasuda, H. K., Pringle, O. A., “A Simple Multi-Specimen Apparatus for Fixed Stress Fatigue Testing” Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Vol.48, No. 3, 297-300, 1999
  • [13] Lockwood, W. D., Reynolds, A. P.: “Materials Science & Engineering”, A339, P. 35, 2003,
  • [14] M. N., James, D. G, Hattingh, G. R, Bradley, “Weld Tool Travel Speed Effects on Fatigue Life of Friction Stir Welds in 5083 Aluminium” International Journal of Fatigue Volume 25, Issue Pages 1389-1398 12, December, 2003
  • [15] Cotterell, B., “Fracture and Life. London, İmperial Collage Press”, ISBN-13 978-1-84816-282-2, 471 p, London, 2010
  • [16] ISO-7438, “Metallic Materials-Bend Test”, 2005
  • [17] Metals Handbook, “Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special Purpse Materials”, ASM International Handbook Comittee, Metals Park, OH, ASM International. Vol. 2, 400, 1990
  • [18] Rowler, P.N., “Dynamics and Fatigue”, AMSET Wind Energy Training Course, De Montfort University, GB, 1996
  • [19] Kurrer, K., E., “The History of The Theroy of Structures From Arch Analysis to Computational Mechanics” Adobe E-Book, ISBN: 978-3-433-60017-7, 848p, Germany, 2009
  • [20] Nicholas, T., “High Cycle Fatigue a Mechanics of Materials Perspective.” UK, The Netherlands, USA, Elsevier ltd. ISBN: 978-0-08-044691-2. 641p, London, 2006.
  • [21] Kim, H. Y. Marero, T. R., Yasuda H. K., Pringle, O. A., “A Simple Multi Specimen Apparatus for Fixed Stress Fatigue Testing” Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Vol. 48, No.3 P.297-300, 1999
  • [22] Kulekci, M.K., Şik A., Kaluç, E., “Effects of tool rotation and pin diameter on fatigue properties of friction stir welded lap joints” Int J Adv Manuf Technol 36:877–882, 2008
  • [23] ASTM D3039 / D3039M -95a, “Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials”, October, 1995
  • [24] ASTM D790-00, “Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials”, January, 2001
  • [25] ASTM–E/8M–04, “Standard Test Methods For Tension Testing Metallic Material”, 2004
  • [26] Tomita, Y., Morioka, K., Iwasa, M., “Bending Fatigue of Long Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites”, Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol.319-321, 679-682, 2001
  • [27] DIN 50 142, 1982
  • [28] ASM, “American Society For Metals, How Components Fail”, USA, 1966
  • [29] ASM, “Materials Park”, American Society for Metals International, 10th ed., Ohio, 1990
  • [30] DIN 50 100, “Testing of Materials Continuous Vibration Test Deutsche Normen”, 1972
  • [31] DIN 50 142, “Flat Bending Fatigue Test Deutsche Normen”, 1982
  • [32] DIN 50113, “Rotating Bar Bending Fatigue Test Deutsche Normen”, 1982
  • [33] Ewalds, H.L., Wanhill, R.J.H., “Fracture Mechanics”, Hodder and Stoughton Lmtd., Kent U.K., 1991
  • [34] Gençsoy, Z., “Cumulative Fatigue Damage in Bending”, Orta Doğu Teknik Ünv. Fen Bil. Enst., Yük. Lis. Tezi, Ankara, 1979
  • [35] Güleç, Ş., Aran, A., “Fatigue Strength of Steel and Cast Iron”, TÜBİTAK Marmara Scientific and Industrial Research Institute, Gebze, 1983
  • [36] Madoyag, A.,F., “Metal Fatigue: Theory And Design”, John Wiley and Sons Inc. Newyork, USA, 1969
  • [37] Metal Handbook, “American Society for Metals”, 8th ed., Ohio, 1981
  • [38] Mitchell, M.R.; Landgraf, R.W., “Advances in Fatigue Lifetime Predictive Techniques”, ASTM, Philadelphia, 1992
  • [39] Onaran, K., “Material Science”, Science Technical Publisher, İstanbul, 1995
  • [40] SAE, “Fatigue Design Handbook, Society For Automotive Engineers”, USA, 1968
  • [41] Savaşkan, T., “Material Information and Examination”, Derya Publisher, Trabzon, 1999
  • [42] Stephens, R.I., Fatemi, A., Stephens, R.R., Fuchs, H.O., “Metal Fatigue in Engineering”, Second Edition, John Wiley&Sons, INC., USA, 2001
  • [43] Suresh, S., “Fatigue of Materials”, Cambridge University Pres, Cambridge U.K., 36, 2001
  • [44] Zahavi, E.; Torbilo, V., “Fatigue Design Life Expectancy of Machine Parts”, CRC Pres, USA, 1996
  • [45] Basak, A. “Permanent-Magnet DC Linear Motors”. Oxford University Press, 1-37, 1996
  • [46] Tuncay, M. T., “The Design And Control of Permanent Magnet DC Linear Motor” (Ph. D. Thesis) Gazi University Graduate School of Natural And Applied Sciences, June, 2016
  • [47] TS EN 485-2, “Mechanical Properties of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys”, 2005
  • [48] Ay, İ., Sakin, R., “Comparison Of The Mechanıcal Properties Of Aluminum Alloy and Glass/Polyester Composites Producedfor Axial Fanblades”, Balıkesir University Scientific Research Project, BAP 2002/14, Balıkesir, 2006.
  • [49] Şık A., “A Research into The Effect of Additional Electrode Types And Protective Mixture Gases On The Bendıng Fatigue Lıfe Of Steel Material That is Welded with MIG/MAG Welding Method”, Fac. Eng. Arch. Gazi Univ. Vol. 22, No 4, 769-777, 2007
  • [50] Şık A., “Investigation of Fatigue Bending Endurance of the Friction Stir Welded Joint of Aluminium” Journal of Polytechnic, Vol: 9 No: 2 pp. 125-130, 2006
  • [51] DIN EN 50142. “Testing Of Metallic Materials; Flat Bending Fatigue Test”, Deutsches Institut Für Normung, 1982
  • [52] Kayabaş, Ö., Şık, A., “Examination of Mechanical Properties of Welding Zone in Aluminium Alloy Produced by using Friction Stir Welding”, Graduate Project, Gazi University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ankara, 2005
  • [53] Sakin R., Er M., “The Investigation of Plane-Bending Fatigue Behavior of 1100-H14 Aluminum Alloy” Journal of The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, Vol.25, No.2, 213-223, 2010
  • [54] Sakin, R., Ay, İ., and Yaman, R., "An Investigation of Bending Fatigue Behavior For Glass-Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composite Materials", Materials and Design, Vol. 29, Issue 1, 212-217, 2008
  • [55] Güngor, B., Kaluç, E., Taban, E., Şık, A., “Mechanical Fatigue and Microstructural Properties of Friction Stir Welded 5083-H111 And 6082-T651 Aluminum Alloys”, Materials and Design 56 84–90, 2014

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 79 - 88, 29.06.2018

AYDIN Şık AHMET Atak CEMİL Yavuz VEYSEL Özdemir

Öz

Kaynakça

  • [1] Gönen, D., OraL, Ali , M., Çakır C., “Double Compression Ratio Fatigue Tester Design And Production” BAÜ FBE Dergisi Vol:10, No:1, 98-108, 2008
  • [2] Allah, Abd, Abdin M.H., , Enayat M., Selmy, A.I., Khashaba, U., “Short communication effect of mean stress on fatigue behaviour of GFRP pultruded rod composites”, Composites-Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol.28, No.1, 87-91, 1997
  • [3] Anık, S., “Material Information and Examination”, Üçer Publisher, İstanbul, 144–147, 1977
  • [4] Askeland, D.R., Translated; Erdoğan, M., “Materials Science and Engineering Materials”, Vol. II, Nobel Publisher, No. 128, Ankara, p, 348, 1998
  • [5] ASM Handbook, “Mechanical Testing and Evaluation”, Volume 8, p. 998, 2000
  • [6] Şık, A., “Effects of gas compositions on mechanical properties of MIG/MAG welded automobile”, Gazi University Institute of Science and Technology, Doctorate Thesis, 2002
  • [7] Bleier, F. B., Fan, “Handbook”, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1998
  • [8] Chen, W.F. and Lui, E.M., “Handbook of Structural Engineering”, CRC Press, ABD, 2005
  • [9] Esin, A., “Properties of Materials for Design”, O.D.T.Ü. Publisher, 69, 538, 1981
  • [10] James, M. N., Hattingh, D. G., Baadley, G. R.: “International Journal of Fatigue”, Vol.25, P.1389, 2003
  • [11] Özdemir, R., “Design and production of hydraulic testing device for fatigue testing of low strength materials” Süleyman Demirel University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Graduate Thesis Mechanical Engineering, Isparta, 2012
  • [12] Kim, H. Y., Marrero, T.R., Yasuda, H. K., Pringle, O. A., “A Simple Multi-Specimen Apparatus for Fixed Stress Fatigue Testing” Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Vol.48, No. 3, 297-300, 1999
  • [13] Lockwood, W. D., Reynolds, A. P.: “Materials Science & Engineering”, A339, P. 35, 2003,
  • [14] M. N., James, D. G, Hattingh, G. R, Bradley, “Weld Tool Travel Speed Effects on Fatigue Life of Friction Stir Welds in 5083 Aluminium” International Journal of Fatigue Volume 25, Issue Pages 1389-1398 12, December, 2003
  • [15] Cotterell, B., “Fracture and Life. London, İmperial Collage Press”, ISBN-13 978-1-84816-282-2, 471 p, London, 2010
  • [16] ISO-7438, “Metallic Materials-Bend Test”, 2005
  • [17] Metals Handbook, “Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special Purpse Materials”, ASM International Handbook Comittee, Metals Park, OH, ASM International. Vol. 2, 400, 1990
  • [18] Rowler, P.N., “Dynamics and Fatigue”, AMSET Wind Energy Training Course, De Montfort University, GB, 1996
  • [19] Kurrer, K., E., “The History of The Theroy of Structures From Arch Analysis to Computational Mechanics” Adobe E-Book, ISBN: 978-3-433-60017-7, 848p, Germany, 2009
  • [20] Nicholas, T., “High Cycle Fatigue a Mechanics of Materials Perspective.” UK, The Netherlands, USA, Elsevier ltd. ISBN: 978-0-08-044691-2. 641p, London, 2006.
  • [21] Kim, H. Y. Marero, T. R., Yasuda H. K., Pringle, O. A., “A Simple Multi Specimen Apparatus for Fixed Stress Fatigue Testing” Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Vol. 48, No.3 P.297-300, 1999
  • [22] Kulekci, M.K., Şik A., Kaluç, E., “Effects of tool rotation and pin diameter on fatigue properties of friction stir welded lap joints” Int J Adv Manuf Technol 36:877–882, 2008
  • [23] ASTM D3039 / D3039M -95a, “Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials”, October, 1995
  • [24] ASTM D790-00, “Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials”, January, 2001
  • [25] ASTM–E/8M–04, “Standard Test Methods For Tension Testing Metallic Material”, 2004
  • [26] Tomita, Y., Morioka, K., Iwasa, M., “Bending Fatigue of Long Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites”, Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol.319-321, 679-682, 2001
  • [27] DIN 50 142, 1982
  • [28] ASM, “American Society For Metals, How Components Fail”, USA, 1966
  • [29] ASM, “Materials Park”, American Society for Metals International, 10th ed., Ohio, 1990
  • [30] DIN 50 100, “Testing of Materials Continuous Vibration Test Deutsche Normen”, 1972
  • [31] DIN 50 142, “Flat Bending Fatigue Test Deutsche Normen”, 1982
  • [32] DIN 50113, “Rotating Bar Bending Fatigue Test Deutsche Normen”, 1982
  • [33] Ewalds, H.L., Wanhill, R.J.H., “Fracture Mechanics”, Hodder and Stoughton Lmtd., Kent U.K., 1991
  • [34] Gençsoy, Z., “Cumulative Fatigue Damage in Bending”, Orta Doğu Teknik Ünv. Fen Bil. Enst., Yük. Lis. Tezi, Ankara, 1979
  • [35] Güleç, Ş., Aran, A., “Fatigue Strength of Steel and Cast Iron”, TÜBİTAK Marmara Scientific and Industrial Research Institute, Gebze, 1983
  • [36] Madoyag, A.,F., “Metal Fatigue: Theory And Design”, John Wiley and Sons Inc. Newyork, USA, 1969
  • [37] Metal Handbook, “American Society for Metals”, 8th ed., Ohio, 1981
  • [38] Mitchell, M.R.; Landgraf, R.W., “Advances in Fatigue Lifetime Predictive Techniques”, ASTM, Philadelphia, 1992
  • [39] Onaran, K., “Material Science”, Science Technical Publisher, İstanbul, 1995
  • [40] SAE, “Fatigue Design Handbook, Society For Automotive Engineers”, USA, 1968
  • [41] Savaşkan, T., “Material Information and Examination”, Derya Publisher, Trabzon, 1999
  • [42] Stephens, R.I., Fatemi, A., Stephens, R.R., Fuchs, H.O., “Metal Fatigue in Engineering”, Second Edition, John Wiley&Sons, INC., USA, 2001
  • [43] Suresh, S., “Fatigue of Materials”, Cambridge University Pres, Cambridge U.K., 36, 2001
  • [44] Zahavi, E.; Torbilo, V., “Fatigue Design Life Expectancy of Machine Parts”, CRC Pres, USA, 1996
  • [45] Basak, A. “Permanent-Magnet DC Linear Motors”. Oxford University Press, 1-37, 1996
  • [46] Tuncay, M. T., “The Design And Control of Permanent Magnet DC Linear Motor” (Ph. D. Thesis) Gazi University Graduate School of Natural And Applied Sciences, June, 2016
  • [47] TS EN 485-2, “Mechanical Properties of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys”, 2005
  • [48] Ay, İ., Sakin, R., “Comparison Of The Mechanıcal Properties Of Aluminum Alloy and Glass/Polyester Composites Producedfor Axial Fanblades”, Balıkesir University Scientific Research Project, BAP 2002/14, Balıkesir, 2006.
  • [49] Şık A., “A Research into The Effect of Additional Electrode Types And Protective Mixture Gases On The Bendıng Fatigue Lıfe Of Steel Material That is Welded with MIG/MAG Welding Method”, Fac. Eng. Arch. Gazi Univ. Vol. 22, No 4, 769-777, 2007
  • [50] Şık A., “Investigation of Fatigue Bending Endurance of the Friction Stir Welded Joint of Aluminium” Journal of Polytechnic, Vol: 9 No: 2 pp. 125-130, 2006
  • [51] DIN EN 50142. “Testing Of Metallic Materials; Flat Bending Fatigue Test”, Deutsches Institut Für Normung, 1982
  • [52] Kayabaş, Ö., Şık, A., “Examination of Mechanical Properties of Welding Zone in Aluminium Alloy Produced by using Friction Stir Welding”, Graduate Project, Gazi University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ankara, 2005
  • [53] Sakin R., Er M., “The Investigation of Plane-Bending Fatigue Behavior of 1100-H14 Aluminum Alloy” Journal of The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, Vol.25, No.2, 213-223, 2010
  • [54] Sakin, R., Ay, İ., and Yaman, R., "An Investigation of Bending Fatigue Behavior For Glass-Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composite Materials", Materials and Design, Vol. 29, Issue 1, 212-217, 2008
  • [55] Güngor, B., Kaluç, E., Taban, E., Şık, A., “Mechanical Fatigue and Microstructural Properties of Friction Stir Welded 5083-H111 And 6082-T651 Aluminum Alloys”, Materials and Design 56 84–90, 2014
Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Endüstriyel Tasarım Mühendisliği
Yazarlar

AYDIN Şık

AHMET Atak Bu kişi benim

CEMİL Yavuz

VEYSEL Özdemir

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Haziran 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Mart 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Şık, A., Atak, A., Yavuz, C., Özdemir, V. (2018). THE DESIGN OF FATIGUE STRENGTH MACHINE BEING ONE OF THE METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MATERIALS USED IN THE INDUSTRY. Gazi University Journal of Science Part A: Engineering and Innovation, 5(2), 79-88.