BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Federal sistemlerde hükümetlerarası eğilimler

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 64 Sayı: 4, 1071 - 1112, 01.12.2015
https://doi.org/10.1501/Hukfak_0000001799

Öz

Federal sistemi bir arada tutan anayasal güvenceli yetki paylaşımıdır. Bu yetki paylaşımında değişiklik yapılabilmesi için, anayasa değişiklikleri veya yetki uyuşmazlıklarını çözmekle görevli olan yüksek mahkeme kararları gerekmektedir. Ancak, federal sistemler değişmesi zor katı anayasalara sahip olduklarından, yüksek mahkemelerin uyuşmazlık denetimine sıklıkla başvurulmasına ve yargı üzerinde sürekli gerilim yaşanmasına neden olmaktadır. Siyasal yaklaşımcılar, sistemin katı hukuksal yapısını eleştirmekte, yetki paylaşımının gelişen ve değişen sosyo-ekonomik durumlara cevap verebilmesi için siyasal süreçleri desteklemektedirler. Bu yönde AB’nin genişlemesi ve politikaların oluşturulması üzerinde etkisi olan hükümetlerarasıcılık, federal sistemlerdeki güvenceli anayasal yetki paylaşımının siyasal süreç içerisinde dönüşmesiyle, yetki uyuşmazlıkları ve federal sistemin biçimine etki etmektedir. Bu nedenle, siyasal süreçte işbirliği mekanizmalarına dayanan hükümetlerarasıcılık yaklaşımı, özellikle federal sistemin kurucu unsurları açısından incelenecektir

Kaynakça

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Intergovernmentalization Trends in the Federal Systems

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 64 Sayı: 4, 1071 - 1112, 01.12.2015
https://doi.org/10.1501/Hukfak_0000001799

Öz

The main feature of the federal system is that constitutional powersharing between two levels of government. However, constitutional power sharing between the two levels of government shows inevitably overlap during the operative of the federal system. Such overlaps are caused by the occurrence of conflicts of jurisdictions between the two levels. Providing the solution to these conflicts is under the control of the supreme courts by way of judicial review. In this respect intergovernmentalisation has an important situation which is affecting the jurisdictions of the power-sharing catalogues outside the judicial review mechanisms. Intergovernmentalisation has been a significant impact on the creation of the policy and enlargement of the European Union. It has also great importance in determining the national or central policy in the federal systems. Therefore, in this study, EU policies have an important place in the creation of the intergovernmental approach is described in terms of federal systems’ intergovernmental activities

Kaynakça

  • Andrew Moravcsik, “The European Constitutional Settlement”, içinde, S. Meunier ve K. R. McNamara (Ed.), “Making History: European Integration and Institutional Change at Fifty, The State of European Union”, Oxford University Press, Vol. 8, Oxford, 2007.
  • Albert V. Dicey, "An Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution", (10th edition), Macmillan and Company Ltd., London, 1959.
  • Albert V. Dicey, "Federal Government", Law Quarterly Review, 1885.
  • Alberta Sbragia, "Intergovernmental Relations or Multi-level Governance? Transatlantic Comparisons and Reflections", içinde, Edoardo Ongaro, Andrew Massey, Ellen Wayenberg, Marc Holzer, (Ed.), "Governance and Intergovernmental Relations in the European Union and the United States", Edward Elgar Publishing, UK-USA, 2010.
  • Alfred Stepan, "Toward a New Comparative Analysis of Democracy and Federalism:Demos Constraining and Demos Enabling Federations", All Souls College, Oxford University, Federalism, Democracy, and Public Policy Conference, Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas, Mexico, 1999.
  • Alper Arısoy, "Avrupa'da Federalizm Geleneği ve Avrupa Bütünleşmesinde Federalist Akımlar", Ege Akademik Bakış / Ege Academic Review, Cilt: 10, Sayı: 4, Ekim 2010.
  • Anand Menon ve Martin Schain, Comparative Federalism: The European Union and the United States in Comparative Perspective, USA, Oxford University Press, 2006.
  • Andre Bzdera, "Comparative Analysis of Federal High Courts: A Political Theory Of Judicial Review", Canadian Journal of Political Science, Vol. 26 (1), 1993.
  • Andreas Auer, “The Constitutional Scheme of Federalism”, Journal of European Public Policy, V. 12:3, June 2005.
  • Andrew Heywood, Political Theory: An Introduction, New York, Palgrave Macmillan, Third Edition, 2004.
  • Ann Ward ve Lee Ward, (Ed.), The Ashgate Research Companion to Federalism, USA-Canada-New England, Ashgate Publishing Limited,
  • Anna GAMPER, “Judge Made Federalism? The Role of the Constitutional Court in Austria”, International Association of Centers for Federal Studies (IACFS), 2005.
  • Arend Lijphart, "Çağdaş Demokrasiler: Yirmibir Ülkede Çoğunlukçu ve Oydaşmacı Yönetim Örüntüleri", Ergun Özbudun ve Ersin Onulduran, (Çev.), Yetkin Yayınları, Ankara, 1996.
  • Arend Lijphart, "Demokrasi Motifleri: Otuz Altı Ülkede Yönetim Biçimleri ve Performansları", (Çev.) Güneş Ayas, Umut Utku Bulsun, İstanbul, Salyangoz Yayınları, 2006.
  • Arend Lijphart, "Non-majoritarian Democracy: A Comparison of Federal and Consociational Theories", Publius, Vol. 15, Number 2, 1985.
  • Arthur Versluis, "Secession and American Federalism", Modern Age, Summer 2007.
  • Asnake Kefale, Federalism and Ethnic Conflict in Ethiopia: A Comparative Study of the Somali and Benishangul-Gumuz Region Leiden University, Department of Political Science of the Leiden, Doctoral Thesis, 2009.
  • Cheryl Saunders, "Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Institutions: A Synthesis", içinde Katy Le Roy ve Cheryl Saunders, (Eds.), Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Governance in Federal Countries, Volume 3, Canada-USA, McGill Queen's University Press, 2006.
  • Council of Australia, "Intergovernmental Relations In Federal Systems", 2006, s. 4. Erişim Adresi: http://www.bca.com.au/docs/672bfe57-1252- 432d-b83a-7fd27483488c/appendix-1_intergovernmental-relations-in- federal-systems_28-10-2006.pdf, 02.10.2014.
  • Craig Volden, "Origin, Operation, and Significance: The Federalism of William H. Riker", Publius: The Journal of Federalism, Cilt 34, Sayı 4, 2004.
  • Daniel J. Elazar, “Exploring Federalism”, USA, University of Alabama Press, 1987.
  • Daniel R. Kelemen, , "Federalism and Democratization: The United States and European Union in Comparative Perspective", içinde, Anand Menon ve Martin Schain, "Comparative Federalism: The European Union and the United States in Comparative Perspective", Oxford University Press, USA, 2006.
  • David L. Weiden, "Judicial Politicization, Ideology, and Activism at the High Courts of the United States, Canada, and Australia", Political Research Quarterly, V. 64, 23 March 2010.
  • Demet Çelik Ulusoy, "ABD'de Federal Hukukun Üstünlüğü/Preemption İlkesi: Federalizmden Bir Sapma", içinde, Bertil Emrah Öder (Ed.), “Anayasa Hukuku Araştırmalarında Genç Yaklaşımlar: Kuramsal ve Uygulamalı Yeni Çalışmalar”, 1. Baskı - İstanbul, 2013.
  • Demet Çelik Ulusoy, "Federal Sistemler ve Yetki Uyuşmazlıklarının Yargısal Çözümü", Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ankara, 2013.
  • Demet Çelik Ulusoy, "Federasyon ve Federalizm'in Kavramsal Ayrımından Doğan Federal Siyasal Sistemler", Legal Hukuk Dergisi, Sayı 127, No 11, 2013.
  • Derya Pınar, "Debates On European Single Currency On European Integration Process", Master Thesis, Middle East Technical University, Graduate School of Social Sciences, 2006. İnternet Kaynak: http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608144/index.pdf, 22.09.2014.
  • Dirk Hanschel, "Mechanisms of Conflict Resolution in Federalist States-The Redistribution of Legislative Powers as a Viable Means?", IACL Conference Paper, Mannheim, 2006.
  • Douglas V. Verney, "Federalism, Federative Systems, and Federations: The United States, Canada, and India", Publius, Cilt 25, Sayı 2, Bahar, 1995.
  • Ece Göztepe, "Avrupa Birliği'nin Siyasal Bütünleşmesi ve Egemenlik Yetkisinin Paylaşılması Sorunu", Seçkin Yayınları, Ankara, 2008.
  • English-Nepali Glossary of Federalism Terms, International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance and the Forum of Federations,
  • Enver Bozkurt, Mehmet Özcan ve Arif Köktaş "Avrupa Birliği Hukuku", 5. Baskı, Ankara, 2011.
  • Erdoğan Teziç, "Anayasa Hukuku", 12. Baskı, 2012, Beta Yayınevi, İstanbul.
  • Erdoğan, Mustafa, "Anayasal Demokrasi", Ankara, Siyasal Kitabevi, 6. Baskı, 2004.
  • Frank B. Cross ve Tiller H. Emerson, "The Three Faces of Federalism: An Empirical Assessment of Supreme Court Federalism Jurisprudence", California Law Review, Vol.73, 1999-2000.
  • Frank B. Cross, "The Folly of Federalism", Cardozo Law Review, Vol. 24:1, 2002-2003.
  • Füsun Arsava, "Avrupa Anayasası'nı Tercih Nedenleri", Uluslararası İlişkiler, Cilt 2, Sayı 5 (Bahar 2005).
  • Geoffrey Garrett ve George Tsebelis, "An Institutional Critique of Intergovernmentalism", International Organization, Vol. 50, No. 2 (Spring, 1996).
  • George Anderson, “Federalism: An Introduction, Canada, Forum of Federations”, Oxford University Press, 2008.
  • George Matthew, "Republic of India", içinde, Majeed Akhtar, (Ed.), "Distribution of Powers and Responsibilities in Federal Countries", Canada, McGill-Queen's University Press, 2005.
  • Gerald Baier, "The EU's Constitutional Treaty: Federalism and intergovernmental relations - lessons from Canada", Regional & Federal Studies, Vol. 15, No. 2, 205-223, June 2005.
  • Gregory Taylor, "Characterisation in Federations: Six Countries Compared", Springer, 1st Edition, 2005.
  • H. Kutay Aytuğ, “AB Anayasasının Reddedilme Dinamikleri ve AB'nin İzlediği Yeni Strateji: Lizbon Antlaşması”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt: 11, Sayı:3, Yıl: 2009.
  • Hans Kelsen, "Compulsory Adjudication of International Disputes", The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 37, 1943.
  • Hans-Peter Schneider, "The Federal Republic of Germany",içinde, Majeed Akhtar, (Ed.), “Distribution of Powers and Responsibilities” McGill- Queen's University Press, Canada, 2006.
  • Herbert Wechsler, "The Political Safeguards of Federalism: The Role of the States in the Composition and Selection of the National Government", Columbia Law Review, Vol. 54, No. 4, 1954.
  • Hüseyin Kutay Aytuğ, "Bütünleşme Kuramlarının Avrupa Birliği Genişlemesine Bakışı", Yönetim ve Ekonomi, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F., Manisa, Cilt:15, Sayı:1, Yıl:2008.
  • Irak Anayasası, Ortadoğu Startejik Araştırmalar Merkezi, İnternet Kaynak: http://www.orsam.org.tr/tr/trUploads/Yazilar/Dosyalar/20101224_iraka nayasasi.pdf., Erişim Tarihi: 02-03-2013.
  • Ivo D. Duchacek, “Comparative Federalism: The Territorial Dimension of Politics”, London: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970.
  • İlhan Lütem, "Cihanşümul Bir Federalizm'in Şartları ve Güçlükleri", Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 1951.
  • Jan Erk ve Wilfried Swenden, (Ed.), “New Directions in Federalism Studies”, USA-Canada, Routledge, 2010.
  • Jan Erk, “Explaining Federalism: State, Society and Congruence İn Austria, Belgium, Canada, Germany and Switzerland”, USA-Canada, Routledge, 2008.
  • Jenna Bednar ve William N. Eskridge, “Steadying The Court's "Unsteady Path": A Theory Of Judicial Enforcement of Federalism”, Southern California Law Review, Vol. 68, 1995.
  • Jenna Bednar, "The Robust Federation", Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2009, s. 6 vd.
  • John C. Yoo, "Judicial Safeguards of Federalism", Southern California Law Review, Vol. 70, 1996- 1997.
  • John Dinan, "Strengthening the Political Safeguards of Federalism: The Fate of Recent Federalism Legislation in the U.S. Congress", Publius: The Journal of Federalism, V.34, N.3, (Summer 2004).
  • John Gaffney, (Ed.), “Political Parties and the European Union”, London- New York, Taylor & Francis, 2003.
  • Jonathan A. Rodden, “Hamilton's Paradox: The Promise and Peril of Fiscal Federalism”, USA, Cambridge University Press, 2nd Publish, 2006.
  • Jutta Kramer, “Federal Republic of Germany”, içinde, John Kincaid ve Alan G. Tarr, (Ed.), “Constitutional Origins, Structure, and Change in Federal Countries”, Mc Gill-Quens University Press, Canada, 2005.
  • K.C. Wheare, “Federal Government”, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2nd Edition, 1951.
  • Ellis Katz, "United States of America", içinde, Raoul Blindenbacher ve Abigail Ostein, (Ed.), “Dialogues on Constitutional Origins, Structure, and Change in Federal Countries”, Volume 1, McGill-Queen's University Press, Canada, 2005.
  • Kemal Gözler, "Anayasa Hukuku Genel Esaslar", Ekin Yayınevi, Beşinci Baskı, Bursa, Ekim 2011.
  • Kenneth J. Ryan, "Federalism, Intergovernmentalism, and Intelligence: The Future of Cooperation in the European Union", Forum on Public Policy, 2008, Erişim Adresi: http://www.forumonpublicpolicy.com/ archivespring08/ryan.pdf, 23.09.2014.
  • Latif Aran, "Avrupa Birliği'nde Anayasalaşma Kavramı ve Anayasal Antlaşma'nın Getirdiği Yenilikler", Europe's Log, İnternet Kaynak: http://europeslog.weebly.com/2/category/avrupa%20anayasal%20antlas masb29128fd55/1.html.
  • Levent GÖNENÇ, “Türkiye'de Seçim Uyuşmazlıkları ve Çözüm Yolları”, Ankara, Adalet Yayınevi, 2008.
  • Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (4th Ed), Copyright Leejiaqi, Longman Company.
  • Lori Thorlakson, "Comparing Federal Institutions: Power and Representation in Six Federations", West European Politics, Routledge Publishing, 26:2, 2003.
  • M. Gülce Kumrulu, "Avrupa'nın Geleceğine İlişkin Konvansiyon", Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi, Cilt: 2, Sayı: 4, Bahar: 2003.
  • Majeed Akhtar, (Ed.), “Distribution of Powers and Responsibilities” McGill- Queen's University Press, Canada, 2006.
  • Mark Tushnet, “Taking the Constitution Away from the Courts”, USA, Princeton University Press, 1999.
  • Markku Suksi, "Sub-State Governance through Territorial Autonomy", Springer, Berlin, 2011.
  • Michael Burgess, “Comparative Federalism: Theory and Practice”, USA- Canada, Routledge, 2006.
  • Michael Burgess, “Federalism and European Union: The Building of Europe, 1950-2000”, USA- Canada-London, Routledge-Taylor & Francis, 2002.
  • Mikhail Filippov, “Riker and Federalism”, Constitutional Political Economy, Vol: 16, 93–111, 2005.
  • Morgan, Iwan W. ve Davies, Philip J., “The Federal Nation: Perspectives on American Federalism”, USA, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
  • Müzeyyen Özlem Çetin ve Yalçın Alganer, "Avrupa'da Birlik ve Bütünleşme Hareketleri ( I )", Marmara Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, Cilt XXIII, Sayı 2, Yıl 2007.
  • Neal Devins, "The Judicial Safeguards of Federalism", Northwestern University Law Review, Vol. 99:1, 2004.
  • Nicole Bolleyer ve Evelyn Bytzek, "Government Congruence and Intergovernmental Relations in Federal Systems", Regional and Federal Studies, Vol. 19, No. 3, 371-397, July 2009.
  • Nilüfer Karacasulu, "Avrupa Entegrasyon Kuramları ve Sosyal İnşaacı Yaklaşım", Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika, Cilt 3, No: 9, 2007.
  • Oğuz Mayda, "Sosyo-Politik Bütünleşme Modeli Arayışındaki Kuramlar Işığında Avrupa Kamusal Alanına İlişkin Öneriler", Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi, Cilt: 11, No:2 (Yıl: 2012).
  • Oktay Uygun, “Federal Devlet”, 12 Levha Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2007.
  • Pelin Köklü, "Immigration Policy-Making In the European Union: A Case Study On The Adoption Of Directive 2003/109/EC and Its Implementation By Germany and The Netherlands", Marmara Journal of European Studies, Volume 19, No:1, 2011.
  • Raoul Blındenbacher ve Cheryl Saunders, (Eds.), “Dialogues on Distribution of Powers and Responsibilities In Federal Countries”, içinde Ellis Katz, “The United States of America: A Federal Government of Limited Powers”, McGill-Queens University Press, Canada, 2005.
  • Robert I. Csehi, "The Changing Nature of Intergovernmental Relations in Labor Market Development- Cases for Collaborative Federalism in Canada and the EU?", Confereance Paper, International Conference on Comparing Modes of Governance in Canada and the European Union: Social Policy Engagement across Complex Multilevel Systems, Victoria, BC, October 14-15.
  • Robert Schütze, "Delegated' Legislation in the (New) European Union: A Constitutional Analysis", The Modern Law Review, Volume 74, No 5, September 2011.
  • Robert Schütze, "Subsidiarity After Lisbon: Reinforcing The Safeguards of Federalism?", The Cambridge Law Journal / Volume 68, Issue 03, November 2009.
  • Roland Vaubel, "Constitutional Safeguards Against Centralization in Federal States: An International Cross-Section Analysis", Constitutional Political Economy, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 7,1996.
  • Ronald L. Watts, "Executive Federalism: A Comapartive Analysis", Institute of Intergovermental Relations, Canada, 1989.
  • Ronald L. Watts, "Participation of Federated Entities in Federal Policy- Making", Seminar on Minorities, 2005, İnternet Kaynak: http://www.federalism.ch/files/categories/SummerUniversity/participati onoffederatedentitiesinpolicymaking.pdf.
  • Ronald L. Watts, , "The Contemporary Relevance of the Federal Idea", Louis-Warsaw Transatlantic Law Journal, 1995.
  • Ronald L. Watts, “Comparing Federal Systems in the 1990s”, Canada, Institute of Intergovernmental Relations, Queen's University, 1996.
  • Ronald L. Watts, “Models of Federal-Power Sharing”, International Social Science Journal, Volume 53, Issue 167, March 2001.
  • Ronald L. Watts, "Comparative Conclusion: A Fundamental Feature of Federations", Forum of Federations, International Association Centers for Federal Studies Publications, 2006.
  • Cheryl Saunders, "Constitutional Arrangements of Federal Systems", Publius, Vol. 25, No. 2, 1995.
  • Scott L. Greer, (Ed.) "Territory, Democracy and Justice Regionalism and Federalism in Western Democracies", Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2006.
  • Seçil Öraz, "Andrew Moravcsik ve Liberal Hükümetlerarası Sistem ile Avrupa Bütünleşmesi", Turkish Studies- International Periodical For The Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, Volume 6/1 Winter 2011.
  • Sergio Fabbrini, "Intergovernmentalism and Its Limits: The Implications of the Euro Crisis on the European Union", Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 46, No. 9, September 2013.
  • Sezgin S. Mercan, "Siyasal Bütünleşme Kuramları Işığında AB Genişlemesi", Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi, Cilt: 10, No:1 (Yıl: 2011).
  • Sinem Akgül Açıkmeşe, "Uluslararası İlişkiler Teorileri Işığında Avrupa Bütünleşmesi", Uluslararası İlişkiler, Cilt 1, Sayı 1, (Bahar 2004).
  • Şener Şenocaklı, “Federalizm ve Kıbrıs Uyuşmazlığı", Ankara, Tutku Yayınları, 2003.
  • Theo Öhlinger, "The Genesis of the Austrian Model of Constitutional Review of Legislation", Ratio Juris, Vol. 16, No. 2, June 2003.
  • Tim Koopmans, “Courts and Political Institutions: A Comparative View”, New York, Cambridge University Press, 2003.
  • Tufan Erhürman, "Çok Katmanlı Toplumlarda İstikrarlı Demokrasi: Birleşik Kıbrıs Örneği", Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, N: 61 (1), 2012.
  • Umberto Morelli ve Roberto Castaldi, "Perspectives on Federalism: Why A New Journal?", Perspectives on Federalism, Cilt 1, Tek Sayı, 2009.
  • Ute Wachendorfer-Schmidt, (Ed.) “Federalism and Political Performance”, London, Routledge, 2000.
  • Wayne Norman, “Negotiating Nationalism: Nation-building, Federalism, and Secession in the Multinational State”, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006.
  • Wilfried Swenden,” Federalism and Regionalism in Western Europe: A Comparative and Thematic Analysis”, USA, Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
  • William H. Riker, "Six Books in Search of a Subject or Does Federalism Exist and Does It Matter?", Comparative Politics, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Oct, 1969).
  • William Riker, “Federalism: Origin, Operations, Significance”, USA: Boston, Little, Brown and Co, 1964.
  • William S. Livingston, "A Note on the Nature of Federalism", Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 67, No. 1, 1952.
Toplam 110 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA82FN23PU
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Demet Çelik Ulusoy

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2015
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Aralık 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 64 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Çelik Ulusoy, Demet. “Federal Sistemlerde hükümetlerarası eğilimler”. Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 64, sy. 4 (Aralık 2015): 1071-1112. https://doi.org/10.1501/Hukfak_0000001799.
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