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İklim Değişikliğinin İkizcetepeler Barajı Akımlarına Etkilerinin Modellenmesi: 2015-2030 Projeksiyonu

Year 2016, Volume: 27 Issue: 2, 7379 - 7401, 01.04.2016

Abstract

Sunulan çalışmada, iklim değişikliğinin akımlar
üzerindeki etkileri modelleme esaslı bir yaklaşımla araştırılmıştır. Çalışma,
Akdeniz iklimi karakterine sahip Balıkesir-İkizcetepeler Baraj havzasında,
IPCC’nin AR4 kapsamında türetilen ECHAM5 sirkülasyon modeli iklim tahminleri kullanılarak
gerçekleştirilmiştir. ECHAM5 modelinin kaba çözünürlüklü A1B ve 20C3M senaryo
sonuçları havza ölçeğindeki aylık yağış ve sıcaklıklara indirgenerek, uygulama
sahasının gelecek dönem yağış ve sıcaklıkları tahmin edilmiştir. İstatistiksel
ölçek indirgeme analizlerini takiben, yağış ve sıcaklıklardaki değişimlerin
akışlar üzerindeki olası etkilerini değerlendirebilmek maksadıyla indirgenmiş
senaryo sonuçları parametrik bir hidrolojik model yardımıyla akışlara
dönüştürülmüştür. ECHAM5 iklim modelinin A1B iklim senaryo sonuçlarına göre İkizcetepeler
akımlarında önümüzdeki 15 yıllık süreçte, 1960-1999 referans dönemi
istatistiklerine göre yaklaşık %23 oranında bir azalma öngörülmektedir.

References

  • Wilby, R.L., Dawson, C.W., Barrow, E.M., "SDSM – a decision support tool for the assessment of climate change impacts", Environmental Modeling & Software, 17, 147–159, 2002.
  • Tatli, H., Dalfes, H.N., Mentes, S., "A statistical downscaling method for monthly total precipitation over Turkey", International Journal of Climatology, 24(2), 161–180, 2004.
  • Tripathi, S., Srinivas, V.V., Nanjundiah, R.S., "Downscaling of precipitation for climate change scenarios: a support vector machine approach", Journal of Hydrology, 330 (3-4), 621-640, 2006.
  • Crane, R.G., Hewitson, B.C., "Doubled CO2 precipitation changes for the Susquehanna basin: downscaling from the GENESIS general circulation model", International Journal of Climatology, 18, 65-76, 1998.
  • Mearns. L.O., Bogardi, I., Giorgi, F., Matyasovszky,I., Palecki, M., "Comparison of climate change scenarios generated from regional climate model experiments and statistical downscaling", Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 6603-6621, 1999.
  • Frei, C., Christensen, J.H., D´equ´e M, Jacob D, Jones, R.G, Vidale, P.L., "Daily precipitation statistics in regional climate models: evaluation and intercomparison for the European Alps", Journal of Geophysical Research, 108(D3), 4124, 2003.
  • Fowler, H.J., Ekström, M., Kilsby, C.G., Jones, P.D., "New estimates of future changes in extreme rainfall across the UK using regional climate model integrations. 1. Assessment of control climate", Journal of Hydrology, 300, 212–233, 2005.
  • Okkan, U., Fistikoglu, O., "Downscaling of precipitation to Tahtali watershed in Turkey for climate change scenarios", 10th International Congress on Advances in Civil Engineering, 2012.
  • Wilby, R. L., "Stochastic weather type simulations for regional climate change impact assessment", Water Resources Research, 30, 3395-3403,1994.
  • Katz, R.W., "Use of conditional stochastic models to generate climate change scenarios", Climatic Change, 32, 237-255, 1996.
  • Katz, R.W., Parlange, M.B., "Overdispersion phenomenon in stochastic modeling of precipitation", Journal of Climate, 11, 591-601,1998.
  • Okkan, U., "İklim Değişikliğinin Akarsu Akışları Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi", Doktora Tezi (Tez Danışmanı: Doç. Dr. Okan Fıstıkoğlu), Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir, Türkiye, 2013.
  • von Storch, H., Zorita E., Cubasch, U., "Downscaling of global climate change estimates to regional scales: An application to Iberian rainfall in wintertime", Journal of Climate, 6, 1161-1171,1993.
  • Burger, G., "Expanded downscaling for generating local weather scenarios", Climate Research, 7, 111-128, 1996.
  • Wilby, R.L., Tomlinson, O.J., Dawson C.W., "Multi-site simulation of precipitation by conditional resampling", Climate Research, 23, 183-194, 2003.
  • Anandhi, A., Srinivas, V. V., Nanjundiah, S. R., Kumar, N. D., "Downscaling precipitation to river basin in India for IPCC SRES scenarios using support vector machine", International Journal of Climatology, 28, 401-420, 2008.
  • Karamouz, M., Fallahi, M., Nazif, S., Farahani, M.R., "Long lead rainfall prediction using statistical downscaling and artificial neural network modeling", Scientia Iranica (Transacation A: Civil Engineering), 16(2), 165-172, 2009.
  • Fistikoglu, O., Okkan, U., "Statistical downscaling of monthly precipitation using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data for Tahtali River basin in Turkey", Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 16(2), 157-164, 2011.
  • Okkan, U., "Assessing the effects of climate change on monthly precipitation: proposing of a downscaling strategy through a case study in Turkey", KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 19(4), 1150-1156, 2015.
  • Okkan, U., Inan, G., "Bayesian learning and relevance vector machines approach for downscaling of monthly precipitation", ASCE Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 20(4), 04014051 DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001024, 2015.
  • Murphy, J.M., "An evaluation of statistical and dynamical techniques for downscaling local climate", Journal of Climate, 12, 2256-2284, 1999.
  • Tatlı, H, Dalfes, N.H., Menteş, S.Ş., "Yeni istatistiksel ölçek küçültme yöntemleri ve Türkiye için uygulamalar", İTÜ Mühendislik Dergisi, 5, 269-280, 2006.
  • Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L. et al. "The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project", Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77, 437–471, 1996.
  • Timbal, B., Dufour, A., McAvaney, A., "An estimate of future climate change for western France using a statistical downscaling technique", Climate Dynamics, 20, 807–823, 2003.
  • Wetterhall, F., Halldin, S., Xu, C-Y., "Statistical precipitation downscaling in central Sweden with the analogue method", Journal of Hydrology, 306, 136–174, 2005.
  • Dibike, Y.B., Coulibaly, P., "Hydrologic impact of climate change in the Saguenay watershed: comparison of downscaling methods and hydrologic models", Journal of Hydrology, 307, 145–163, 2005.
  • Dibike, Y.B., Coulibaly, P., "Temporal neural networks for downscaling climate variability and extremes", Neural Networks, 19(2), 135–144, 2006.
  • Burger, G., Chen, Y., "Regression-based downscaling of spatial variability for hydrologic applications", Journal of Hydrology, 96, 299–317, 2005.
  • Bardossy, A., Bogardi, I., Matyasovszky, I., "Fuzzy rule-based downscaling of precipitation", Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 82, 116–119, 2005.
  • Benestad, R.E., Hanssen-Bauer, I., Forland, E.J., "An evaluation of statistical models for downscaling precipitation and their ability to capture long-term trends", International Journal of Climatology, 27(5), 649–655, 2007.
  • Okkan, U., "Aylık yağış ve sıcaklık değişimlerinin izmir içmesuyu havzalarının akımlarına etkileri", Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Tez Danışmanı: Doç. Dr. Okan Fıstıkoğlu), Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir, Türkiye, 2009.
  • Xoplaki, E., Gonzalez-Rouco, J.F., Luterbacher, J., Wanner, H., "Wet season Mediterranean precipitation variability: influence of largescale dynamics and trends", Climate Dynamics, 23, 63–78, 2004.
  • Maheras, P., Tolika, K., Anagnostopoulou, C., Vafiadis, M., Patrikas, I., Flocas, H., "On the relationships between circulation types and changes in rainfall variability in Greece", International Journal of Climatology, 24, 1695–1712, 2004.
  • Tolika, K., Maheras, P., Flocas, H.A., Papadimitriou, A.A., "An evaluation of a general circulation model (GCM) and the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data for winter precipitation in Greece" International Journal of Climatology, 26, 1376–1385, 2006.
  • Chen, D., Chen, Y., "Association between winter temperature in China and upper air circulation over East Asia revealed by canonical correlation analysis", Global and Planetary Change, 37, 315–325, 2003.
  • Schoof, J.T., Pryor, S.C., Robeson S.M., Downscaling daily maximum and minimum temperatures in the midwestern USA: a hybrid empirical approach. International Journal of Climatology, 27 (4), 439–454, 2007.
  • Okkan, U. Serbeş, Z.A., "İklim Değişikliği Senaryoları Altında Sıcaklık Öngörüleri: İzmir ve Manisa İlleri Örneği", 12. Ulusal KültürTeknik Sempozyumu, 21-23 Mayıs 2014, Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Tekirdağ, 2014.
  • Moriasi, D.N., Arnold, J.G., Van Liew, M.W., Bingner, R.L, Harmel, R.D, Veith, T.L., "Model evaluation guidelines for systematic quantification of accuracy in watershed simulations", The Transactions of the ASABE, 50, 885–900, 2007.
  • Ghosh, S., Mujumdar P.P., "Statistical downscaling of GCM simulations to streamflow using relevance vector machine", Advances in Water Resources, 31(1), 132-146, 2008.
  • Ines, A.V., Hansen, J.W., "Bias correction of daily GCM rainfall for crop simulation studies", Agricultural and forest meteorology, 138(1), 44-53, 2006.
  • Okkan, U., Fistikoglu, O., "Evaluating Climate Change Effects on Runoff by Statistical Downscaling and Hydrological Model GR2M", Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 117(1-2), 343-361, 2014.
  • Okkan, U., Inan, G., "Statistical downscaling of monthly reservoir inflows for Kemer watershed in Turkey: Use of machine learning methods, multiple GCMs and emission scenarios", International Journal of Climatology, 35, 3274–3295, 2015.
  • Thornthwaite, G.W., ve Mather, J.R., "Instructions and tables for computing the potential evapotranspiration and the water balance", Drexel Inst. Technol. Publication in Climatology Laboratory of Climatology, 10(3), 185-311, 1957.
  • Kuczera, G., "On the relationship between the reliability of parameter estimates and hydrologic time series data used in calibration", Water Resources Research, 18(1), 146–154, 1982.
  • Dooge, J. C. I., "Problems and methods of rainfall runoff modeling", in: Ciriani, T. A., Maione, U. ve Wallis, J. R. (Eds.), Mathematical Models for Surface Water Hydrology, Wiley, New York, 71–108,1977.
  • Gabos, A., ve Gasparri, L., "Monthly runoff model for regional planning", Water International. 8, 42–45,1983.
  • Fıstıkoğlu, O. ve Okkan, U. (2010). "Tahtalı havzası için aylık su bütçesi", VI. Ulusal Hidroloji Kongresi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Denizli,546-554,2010.
  • Alley, W.M., "Water balance models in one-month-ahead streamflow forecasting", Water Resources Research, 21(4), 597–606,1985.
  • Xu, C-Y, Singh, V.P., "A review on monthly water balance models for water resources investigations", Water Resources Management, 12, 31-50,1986.
  • Mouelhi, S., Michel, C., Perrin, C., Andreassian, V., "Stepwise development of a two-parameter monthly water balance model", Journal of Hydrology, 318, 200–214, 2006.

Modeling the Effects of Climate Change on Ikizcetepeler Inflows: 2015-2030 Projection

Year 2016, Volume: 27 Issue: 2, 7379 - 7401, 01.04.2016

Abstract

In the study
presented, the impacts of climate change on flows were examined by a modeling
based approach. The study has been carried out using climate forecasts of
ECHAM5 circulation model simulated in the AR4 of the IPCC for
Balikesir-İkizcetepeler watershed having Mediterranean climate characteristics.
The future projections of precipitation and temperature changes on the study
area have been determined by downscaling the coarse A1B and 20C3M scenario
results of ECHAM5 to monthly precipitation and temperature at basin scale.
Following the statistical downscaling analyses, the downscaled scenario results
have been transformed to runoff by means of a parametric hydrological model to
assess the probable impacts of temperature and precipitation changes on runoff.
According to the A1B climate scenario results of ECHAM5 climate model,
approximately 23% decrease on İkizcetepeler runoff is foreseen with regard to 1960-1999
reference period statistics for the next 15-year period. 

References

  • Wilby, R.L., Dawson, C.W., Barrow, E.M., "SDSM – a decision support tool for the assessment of climate change impacts", Environmental Modeling & Software, 17, 147–159, 2002.
  • Tatli, H., Dalfes, H.N., Mentes, S., "A statistical downscaling method for monthly total precipitation over Turkey", International Journal of Climatology, 24(2), 161–180, 2004.
  • Tripathi, S., Srinivas, V.V., Nanjundiah, R.S., "Downscaling of precipitation for climate change scenarios: a support vector machine approach", Journal of Hydrology, 330 (3-4), 621-640, 2006.
  • Crane, R.G., Hewitson, B.C., "Doubled CO2 precipitation changes for the Susquehanna basin: downscaling from the GENESIS general circulation model", International Journal of Climatology, 18, 65-76, 1998.
  • Mearns. L.O., Bogardi, I., Giorgi, F., Matyasovszky,I., Palecki, M., "Comparison of climate change scenarios generated from regional climate model experiments and statistical downscaling", Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 6603-6621, 1999.
  • Frei, C., Christensen, J.H., D´equ´e M, Jacob D, Jones, R.G, Vidale, P.L., "Daily precipitation statistics in regional climate models: evaluation and intercomparison for the European Alps", Journal of Geophysical Research, 108(D3), 4124, 2003.
  • Fowler, H.J., Ekström, M., Kilsby, C.G., Jones, P.D., "New estimates of future changes in extreme rainfall across the UK using regional climate model integrations. 1. Assessment of control climate", Journal of Hydrology, 300, 212–233, 2005.
  • Okkan, U., Fistikoglu, O., "Downscaling of precipitation to Tahtali watershed in Turkey for climate change scenarios", 10th International Congress on Advances in Civil Engineering, 2012.
  • Wilby, R. L., "Stochastic weather type simulations for regional climate change impact assessment", Water Resources Research, 30, 3395-3403,1994.
  • Katz, R.W., "Use of conditional stochastic models to generate climate change scenarios", Climatic Change, 32, 237-255, 1996.
  • Katz, R.W., Parlange, M.B., "Overdispersion phenomenon in stochastic modeling of precipitation", Journal of Climate, 11, 591-601,1998.
  • Okkan, U., "İklim Değişikliğinin Akarsu Akışları Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi", Doktora Tezi (Tez Danışmanı: Doç. Dr. Okan Fıstıkoğlu), Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir, Türkiye, 2013.
  • von Storch, H., Zorita E., Cubasch, U., "Downscaling of global climate change estimates to regional scales: An application to Iberian rainfall in wintertime", Journal of Climate, 6, 1161-1171,1993.
  • Burger, G., "Expanded downscaling for generating local weather scenarios", Climate Research, 7, 111-128, 1996.
  • Wilby, R.L., Tomlinson, O.J., Dawson C.W., "Multi-site simulation of precipitation by conditional resampling", Climate Research, 23, 183-194, 2003.
  • Anandhi, A., Srinivas, V. V., Nanjundiah, S. R., Kumar, N. D., "Downscaling precipitation to river basin in India for IPCC SRES scenarios using support vector machine", International Journal of Climatology, 28, 401-420, 2008.
  • Karamouz, M., Fallahi, M., Nazif, S., Farahani, M.R., "Long lead rainfall prediction using statistical downscaling and artificial neural network modeling", Scientia Iranica (Transacation A: Civil Engineering), 16(2), 165-172, 2009.
  • Fistikoglu, O., Okkan, U., "Statistical downscaling of monthly precipitation using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data for Tahtali River basin in Turkey", Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 16(2), 157-164, 2011.
  • Okkan, U., "Assessing the effects of climate change on monthly precipitation: proposing of a downscaling strategy through a case study in Turkey", KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 19(4), 1150-1156, 2015.
  • Okkan, U., Inan, G., "Bayesian learning and relevance vector machines approach for downscaling of monthly precipitation", ASCE Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 20(4), 04014051 DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001024, 2015.
  • Murphy, J.M., "An evaluation of statistical and dynamical techniques for downscaling local climate", Journal of Climate, 12, 2256-2284, 1999.
  • Tatlı, H, Dalfes, N.H., Menteş, S.Ş., "Yeni istatistiksel ölçek küçültme yöntemleri ve Türkiye için uygulamalar", İTÜ Mühendislik Dergisi, 5, 269-280, 2006.
  • Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L. et al. "The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project", Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77, 437–471, 1996.
  • Timbal, B., Dufour, A., McAvaney, A., "An estimate of future climate change for western France using a statistical downscaling technique", Climate Dynamics, 20, 807–823, 2003.
  • Wetterhall, F., Halldin, S., Xu, C-Y., "Statistical precipitation downscaling in central Sweden with the analogue method", Journal of Hydrology, 306, 136–174, 2005.
  • Dibike, Y.B., Coulibaly, P., "Hydrologic impact of climate change in the Saguenay watershed: comparison of downscaling methods and hydrologic models", Journal of Hydrology, 307, 145–163, 2005.
  • Dibike, Y.B., Coulibaly, P., "Temporal neural networks for downscaling climate variability and extremes", Neural Networks, 19(2), 135–144, 2006.
  • Burger, G., Chen, Y., "Regression-based downscaling of spatial variability for hydrologic applications", Journal of Hydrology, 96, 299–317, 2005.
  • Bardossy, A., Bogardi, I., Matyasovszky, I., "Fuzzy rule-based downscaling of precipitation", Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 82, 116–119, 2005.
  • Benestad, R.E., Hanssen-Bauer, I., Forland, E.J., "An evaluation of statistical models for downscaling precipitation and their ability to capture long-term trends", International Journal of Climatology, 27(5), 649–655, 2007.
  • Okkan, U., "Aylık yağış ve sıcaklık değişimlerinin izmir içmesuyu havzalarının akımlarına etkileri", Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Tez Danışmanı: Doç. Dr. Okan Fıstıkoğlu), Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir, Türkiye, 2009.
  • Xoplaki, E., Gonzalez-Rouco, J.F., Luterbacher, J., Wanner, H., "Wet season Mediterranean precipitation variability: influence of largescale dynamics and trends", Climate Dynamics, 23, 63–78, 2004.
  • Maheras, P., Tolika, K., Anagnostopoulou, C., Vafiadis, M., Patrikas, I., Flocas, H., "On the relationships between circulation types and changes in rainfall variability in Greece", International Journal of Climatology, 24, 1695–1712, 2004.
  • Tolika, K., Maheras, P., Flocas, H.A., Papadimitriou, A.A., "An evaluation of a general circulation model (GCM) and the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data for winter precipitation in Greece" International Journal of Climatology, 26, 1376–1385, 2006.
  • Chen, D., Chen, Y., "Association between winter temperature in China and upper air circulation over East Asia revealed by canonical correlation analysis", Global and Planetary Change, 37, 315–325, 2003.
  • Schoof, J.T., Pryor, S.C., Robeson S.M., Downscaling daily maximum and minimum temperatures in the midwestern USA: a hybrid empirical approach. International Journal of Climatology, 27 (4), 439–454, 2007.
  • Okkan, U. Serbeş, Z.A., "İklim Değişikliği Senaryoları Altında Sıcaklık Öngörüleri: İzmir ve Manisa İlleri Örneği", 12. Ulusal KültürTeknik Sempozyumu, 21-23 Mayıs 2014, Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Tekirdağ, 2014.
  • Moriasi, D.N., Arnold, J.G., Van Liew, M.W., Bingner, R.L, Harmel, R.D, Veith, T.L., "Model evaluation guidelines for systematic quantification of accuracy in watershed simulations", The Transactions of the ASABE, 50, 885–900, 2007.
  • Ghosh, S., Mujumdar P.P., "Statistical downscaling of GCM simulations to streamflow using relevance vector machine", Advances in Water Resources, 31(1), 132-146, 2008.
  • Ines, A.V., Hansen, J.W., "Bias correction of daily GCM rainfall for crop simulation studies", Agricultural and forest meteorology, 138(1), 44-53, 2006.
  • Okkan, U., Fistikoglu, O., "Evaluating Climate Change Effects on Runoff by Statistical Downscaling and Hydrological Model GR2M", Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 117(1-2), 343-361, 2014.
  • Okkan, U., Inan, G., "Statistical downscaling of monthly reservoir inflows for Kemer watershed in Turkey: Use of machine learning methods, multiple GCMs and emission scenarios", International Journal of Climatology, 35, 3274–3295, 2015.
  • Thornthwaite, G.W., ve Mather, J.R., "Instructions and tables for computing the potential evapotranspiration and the water balance", Drexel Inst. Technol. Publication in Climatology Laboratory of Climatology, 10(3), 185-311, 1957.
  • Kuczera, G., "On the relationship between the reliability of parameter estimates and hydrologic time series data used in calibration", Water Resources Research, 18(1), 146–154, 1982.
  • Dooge, J. C. I., "Problems and methods of rainfall runoff modeling", in: Ciriani, T. A., Maione, U. ve Wallis, J. R. (Eds.), Mathematical Models for Surface Water Hydrology, Wiley, New York, 71–108,1977.
  • Gabos, A., ve Gasparri, L., "Monthly runoff model for regional planning", Water International. 8, 42–45,1983.
  • Fıstıkoğlu, O. ve Okkan, U. (2010). "Tahtalı havzası için aylık su bütçesi", VI. Ulusal Hidroloji Kongresi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Denizli,546-554,2010.
  • Alley, W.M., "Water balance models in one-month-ahead streamflow forecasting", Water Resources Research, 21(4), 597–606,1985.
  • Xu, C-Y, Singh, V.P., "A review on monthly water balance models for water resources investigations", Water Resources Management, 12, 31-50,1986.
  • Mouelhi, S., Michel, C., Perrin, C., Andreassian, V., "Stepwise development of a two-parameter monthly water balance model", Journal of Hydrology, 318, 200–214, 2006.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Umut Okkan

Eyyüb Karakan This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2016
Submission Date March 20, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 27 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Okkan, U., & Karakan, E. (2016). İklim Değişikliğinin İkizcetepeler Barajı Akımlarına Etkilerinin Modellenmesi: 2015-2030 Projeksiyonu. Teknik Dergi, 27(2), 7379-7401.
AMA Okkan U, Karakan E. İklim Değişikliğinin İkizcetepeler Barajı Akımlarına Etkilerinin Modellenmesi: 2015-2030 Projeksiyonu. Teknik Dergi. April 2016;27(2):7379-7401.
Chicago Okkan, Umut, and Eyyüb Karakan. “İklim Değişikliğinin İkizcetepeler Barajı Akımlarına Etkilerinin Modellenmesi: 2015-2030 Projeksiyonu”. Teknik Dergi 27, no. 2 (April 2016): 7379-7401.
EndNote Okkan U, Karakan E (April 1, 2016) İklim Değişikliğinin İkizcetepeler Barajı Akımlarına Etkilerinin Modellenmesi: 2015-2030 Projeksiyonu. Teknik Dergi 27 2 7379–7401.
IEEE U. Okkan and E. Karakan, “İklim Değişikliğinin İkizcetepeler Barajı Akımlarına Etkilerinin Modellenmesi: 2015-2030 Projeksiyonu”, Teknik Dergi, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 7379–7401, 2016.
ISNAD Okkan, Umut - Karakan, Eyyüb. “İklim Değişikliğinin İkizcetepeler Barajı Akımlarına Etkilerinin Modellenmesi: 2015-2030 Projeksiyonu”. Teknik Dergi 27/2 (April 2016), 7379-7401.
JAMA Okkan U, Karakan E. İklim Değişikliğinin İkizcetepeler Barajı Akımlarına Etkilerinin Modellenmesi: 2015-2030 Projeksiyonu. Teknik Dergi. 2016;27:7379–7401.
MLA Okkan, Umut and Eyyüb Karakan. “İklim Değişikliğinin İkizcetepeler Barajı Akımlarına Etkilerinin Modellenmesi: 2015-2030 Projeksiyonu”. Teknik Dergi, vol. 27, no. 2, 2016, pp. 7379-01.
Vancouver Okkan U, Karakan E. İklim Değişikliğinin İkizcetepeler Barajı Akımlarına Etkilerinin Modellenmesi: 2015-2030 Projeksiyonu. Teknik Dergi. 2016;27(2):7379-401.