Research Article
Year 2023,
Volume: 62 Issue: 4, 191 - 196, 12.02.2024
Abstract
References
- Ahmed, A., Purwanto R. and Sunoko, H.R. 2019. Consequences of mercury used by artisanal small-scale gold mining processes A case of River Nile State Sudan. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 20(2): 106-115. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/96275.
- Ahmed, A.A.M. 1998. Sudan industrial minerals & rocks: Centre for Strategic Studies.
- Ahtiainen, R. and Lundström, M. 2019. Cyanide-free gold leaching in exceptionally mild chloride solutions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 234: 9-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.197
- Bakr, A. 2018. Smart artisanal gold mining from a Sudanese perspective. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research 8(5): 8-14. https://doi.org/10.26717/BJSTR.2018.08.001704
- Bansah, K., Dumakor-Dupey, N. and Sakyi-Addo, G. 2017. Digging for survival: female participation in artisanal and small-scale mining in the Tarkwa mining district of Ghana. Paper presented at the SME Annual Meeting - Feb.
- Brittan, M.I. 2008. Kinetic and equilibrium effects in gold ore cyanidation. Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration, 25(3): 117-122. https://doi. org/10.1007/BF03403396
- Callister Jr, W.D. 2007. Materials science and engineering An introduction. Corrans, I.J. and Angove, J.E. 1991. Ultra fine milling for the recovery of refractory gold. Minerals Engineering, 4(7): 763-776. https://doi. org/10.1016/0892-6875(91)90064-3
- de Andrade Lima, L.R.P., Bernardez, L.A. and Barbosa, L.A.D. 2008. Characterization and treatment of artisanal gold min tailings. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 150(3): 747-753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jhazmat.2007.05.028
- Donkor, A.K., Nartey, V., Bonzongo, J. and Adotey, D. 2006. Artisanal mining of gold with mercury in Ghana. West African Journal of Applied Ecology, 9(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.4314/wajae.v9i1.45666
- Esdaile, L.J. and Chalker, J.M. 2018. The mercury problem in artisanal and small‐scale gold mining. Chemistry–A European Journal, 24(27): 6905-6916. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201704840
- Fadlallah, M.A., Pal, I. and Hoe, V. C. 2020. Determinants of perceived risk among artisanal gold miners: A case studyof Berber locality, Sudan. The Extractive Industries and Society, 7(2): 748-757. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.exis.2020.03.006
- Ferdana, A. D., Petrus, H.T.B.M., Bendiyasa, I., Prijambada, I.D., Hamada, F. and Sachiko, T. 2018. Optimization of gold ore Sumbawa separation using gravity method: Shaking table. AIP Conf. Proc., 1945: 020070. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5030292
- Habashi, F. 1999. A Textbook of Hydrometallurgy. 2nd ed. p. 210.
- Hilson, G. 2009. Small-scale mining, poverty and economic development in sub-Saharan Africa: An overview. Resources Policy, 34(1-2): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2008.12.001
- Hussien, H.H. and Mohamed, E.E. 2020. Impacts of artisanal gold mining in River Nile State, Sudan. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 7(9): 8-14. https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2020.09.002
- Ibrahim, M.S. 2015. Artisanal mining in Sudan: Opportunities, challenges, and impacts. UNCTAD, 17th Africa OILGASMINE: Extractive Industries and Sustainable Job Creation.
- Kiriş, K. 1994 Gold; Economic deposit types, exploration phases and cost. Chamber of Geological Engineers Publications, pp. 44-45.
- Lanzano, C. and Arnaldi di Balme, L. 2021. Who owns the mud? Valuable leftovers, sociotechnical innovation and changing relations of production in artisanal gold mining (Burkina Faso). Journal of Agrarian Change, 21(3): 433-458. https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.12412
- Lorenzen, L. and Tumilty, J.A. 1992. Diagnostic leaching as an analytical tool for evaluating the effect of reagents on the performance of a gold plant. Minerals Engineering, 5(3): 503-512. https://doi.org/10.1016/0892- 6875(92)90229-3
- Marsden, J. and House, I. 2006. The Chemistry of Gold Extraction. 2nd Ed. Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc. (SME).
- Moreno-Brush, M., McLagan, D.S. and Biester, H. 2020. Fate of mercury from artisanal and small-scale gold mining in tropical rivers: Hydrological and biogeochemical controls. A critical review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 50(5): 437-475. https:// doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2019.1629793
- Persaud, A. and Telmer, K. 2015. Developing Baseline Estimates of Mercury Use in Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining Communities: A Practical Guide (Version 1.0). Victoria, BC.
- Velásquez-López, P.C., Veiga, M.M., Klein, B., Shandro, J.A. and Hall, K. 2011.
- Cyanidation of mercury-rich tailings in artisanal and small-scale gold mining: identifying strategies to manage environmental risks in Southern Ecuador. Journal of Cleaner Production, 19(9): 1125-1133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.09.008
- Verbrugge, B., Lanzano, C. and Libassi, M. 2021. The cyanide revolution: Efficiency gains and exclusion in artisanal- and small-scale gold mining. Geoforum, 126: 267-276. https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2008.502
- West, D.C., Ford, J.B. and Ibrahim, E. 2015. Strategic marketing: Creating competitive advantage, Oxford University Press, USA.
Cyanidation of tailings in artisanal small-scale gold mining at Arbaat Region in Red Sea State, Sudan
Abstract
In this research, the processing of gold from artisanal small-scale gold mining was investigated by cyanidation using an agitation process. The sample's characterization shows that the silicate mineral exhibits the sample mineralogy, according to the results of the XRD examination. In XRF analysis, the mineralogical and chemical structure shows 77.1% SiO2, 8.08% Al2O3, 5.76% Fe2O3, 1.67% CaO, 0.97% K2O, 0.054% As2O3, 1.1% Na2O, 0.392% SO3, 0.454% TiO2, 0.049% MnO and 0.005% ZrO. The parameters of the experiments were stirring speed, NaCN concentration, solid-liquid ratio, temperature, and pH. The purpose of gold leaching in artisanal small-scale gold mining at Arbaat region is to find the appropriate conditions that will ensure maximum recovery. It was found that the gold dissolution decreases with increasing solid ratio. Furthermore, the cyanide concentration positively influences the range of 0.05–0.5 g/L. It is seen that the dissolution rate increases with the range of pH 10-10.30, while it starts to incline at pH after 10.30. However, the temperature and agitation speed have a significant effect on the gold dissolution. Cyanidation tests revealed that it is easy to apply the cyanidation process and recover about 87.52% Au content from the tailings of artisanal small-scale gold mining. The obtained recovery indicates the commercial and economic viability of the process that will be applied to extract Au from artisanal small-scale gold mining tailings in Arbaat.
References
- Ahmed, A., Purwanto R. and Sunoko, H.R. 2019. Consequences of mercury used by artisanal small-scale gold mining processes A case of River Nile State Sudan. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 20(2): 106-115. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/96275.
- Ahmed, A.A.M. 1998. Sudan industrial minerals & rocks: Centre for Strategic Studies.
- Ahtiainen, R. and Lundström, M. 2019. Cyanide-free gold leaching in exceptionally mild chloride solutions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 234: 9-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.197
- Bakr, A. 2018. Smart artisanal gold mining from a Sudanese perspective. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research 8(5): 8-14. https://doi.org/10.26717/BJSTR.2018.08.001704
- Bansah, K., Dumakor-Dupey, N. and Sakyi-Addo, G. 2017. Digging for survival: female participation in artisanal and small-scale mining in the Tarkwa mining district of Ghana. Paper presented at the SME Annual Meeting - Feb.
- Brittan, M.I. 2008. Kinetic and equilibrium effects in gold ore cyanidation. Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration, 25(3): 117-122. https://doi. org/10.1007/BF03403396
- Callister Jr, W.D. 2007. Materials science and engineering An introduction. Corrans, I.J. and Angove, J.E. 1991. Ultra fine milling for the recovery of refractory gold. Minerals Engineering, 4(7): 763-776. https://doi. org/10.1016/0892-6875(91)90064-3
- de Andrade Lima, L.R.P., Bernardez, L.A. and Barbosa, L.A.D. 2008. Characterization and treatment of artisanal gold min tailings. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 150(3): 747-753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jhazmat.2007.05.028
- Donkor, A.K., Nartey, V., Bonzongo, J. and Adotey, D. 2006. Artisanal mining of gold with mercury in Ghana. West African Journal of Applied Ecology, 9(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.4314/wajae.v9i1.45666
- Esdaile, L.J. and Chalker, J.M. 2018. The mercury problem in artisanal and small‐scale gold mining. Chemistry–A European Journal, 24(27): 6905-6916. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201704840
- Fadlallah, M.A., Pal, I. and Hoe, V. C. 2020. Determinants of perceived risk among artisanal gold miners: A case studyof Berber locality, Sudan. The Extractive Industries and Society, 7(2): 748-757. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.exis.2020.03.006
- Ferdana, A. D., Petrus, H.T.B.M., Bendiyasa, I., Prijambada, I.D., Hamada, F. and Sachiko, T. 2018. Optimization of gold ore Sumbawa separation using gravity method: Shaking table. AIP Conf. Proc., 1945: 020070. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5030292
- Habashi, F. 1999. A Textbook of Hydrometallurgy. 2nd ed. p. 210.
- Hilson, G. 2009. Small-scale mining, poverty and economic development in sub-Saharan Africa: An overview. Resources Policy, 34(1-2): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2008.12.001
- Hussien, H.H. and Mohamed, E.E. 2020. Impacts of artisanal gold mining in River Nile State, Sudan. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 7(9): 8-14. https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2020.09.002
- Ibrahim, M.S. 2015. Artisanal mining in Sudan: Opportunities, challenges, and impacts. UNCTAD, 17th Africa OILGASMINE: Extractive Industries and Sustainable Job Creation.
- Kiriş, K. 1994 Gold; Economic deposit types, exploration phases and cost. Chamber of Geological Engineers Publications, pp. 44-45.
- Lanzano, C. and Arnaldi di Balme, L. 2021. Who owns the mud? Valuable leftovers, sociotechnical innovation and changing relations of production in artisanal gold mining (Burkina Faso). Journal of Agrarian Change, 21(3): 433-458. https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.12412
- Lorenzen, L. and Tumilty, J.A. 1992. Diagnostic leaching as an analytical tool for evaluating the effect of reagents on the performance of a gold plant. Minerals Engineering, 5(3): 503-512. https://doi.org/10.1016/0892- 6875(92)90229-3
- Marsden, J. and House, I. 2006. The Chemistry of Gold Extraction. 2nd Ed. Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc. (SME).
- Moreno-Brush, M., McLagan, D.S. and Biester, H. 2020. Fate of mercury from artisanal and small-scale gold mining in tropical rivers: Hydrological and biogeochemical controls. A critical review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 50(5): 437-475. https:// doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2019.1629793
- Persaud, A. and Telmer, K. 2015. Developing Baseline Estimates of Mercury Use in Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining Communities: A Practical Guide (Version 1.0). Victoria, BC.
- Velásquez-López, P.C., Veiga, M.M., Klein, B., Shandro, J.A. and Hall, K. 2011.
- Cyanidation of mercury-rich tailings in artisanal and small-scale gold mining: identifying strategies to manage environmental risks in Southern Ecuador. Journal of Cleaner Production, 19(9): 1125-1133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.09.008
- Verbrugge, B., Lanzano, C. and Libassi, M. 2021. The cyanide revolution: Efficiency gains and exclusion in artisanal- and small-scale gold mining. Geoforum, 126: 267-276. https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2008.502
- West, D.C., Ford, J.B. and Ibrahim, E. 2015. Strategic marketing: Creating competitive advantage, Oxford University Press, USA.
There are 26 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Chemical-Biological Recovery Techniques and Ore Dressing |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | February 12, 2024 |
| Submission Date | January 8, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | February 9, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 62 Issue: 4 |
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