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The influence of microwave curing on the strength of silica fume-added fly ash-based geopolymer mortars

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 207 - 215, 03.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.47481/jscmt.1315096

Abstract

Geopolymer concretes a substitute for traditional Portland cement as a more environmentally sustainable alternative. In addition, one of the most significant advantages of geopolymer concrete is the high setting speed that can be achieved with thermal curing, that is, the short curing period. Research on geopolymer concrete has focused on curing, where curing is usually done with conventional ovens. Microwave curing initiates heat generation at the molecular level, which results in a minimal heat increase on the surface of the specimens compared to traditional thermal curing methods. In addition, it provides internal, rapid, and homogeneous heating and rapid strength development. This study is based on research that examined the effect of microwave cure on the compressive strength of silica füme-modified geopolymer mortar. In the study, sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide were used for activation, and first of all, fly ash substituted geopolymer mortar specimens were subjected to conventional thermal curing in an oven. On the other hand, the mortar specimens with the same composition were subjected to short-duration (10 minutes) microwave curing at power levels of between 200-600 W. When the results were compared regarding compressive strength, void and percent water absorption, UPV, and SEM-internal structure examination, it was revealed that microwave curing could be used faster than the conventional oven curing method in silica füme-added fly ash-based geopolymer mortars. This research can be considered an essential step for further optimizing and popularising geopolymer concrete and microwave curing and proposes a method that should be considered in the future development of more sustainable construction materials.

References

  • M. S. Imbabi, C. Carrigan, and S. McKenna, "Trends and developments in green cement and concrete technology," International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 194–216, 2012, doi: 10.1016/J.IJSBE.2013.05.001.
  • J. Cai, X. Li, J. Tan, and B. Vandevyvere, "Thermal and compressive behaviors of fly ash and metakaolin-based geopolymer," Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 30, p. 101307, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1016/J.JOBE.2020.101307.
  • B. Y. POLAT, M. UYSAL, and V. KORKMAZ, "A RESEARCH FOR BACTERIAL SELF-HEALING IN METAKAOLIN BASED GEOPOLYMER MORTARS," Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 1401–1414, Oct. 2021, Accessed: May 18, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/sigma/issue/65286/1007459
  • B. Yılmazer Polat and M. Uysal, "Bacterial crack healing in metakaolin-based geopolymer mortars," Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 39, p. 102291, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.1016/J.JOBE.2021.102291.
  • O. A. Mayhoub, E. S. A. R. Nasr, Y. Ali, and M. Kohail, "Properties of slag-based geopolymer reactive powder concrete," Ain Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 99–105, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1016/J.ASEJ.2020.08.013.
  • ASTM International, Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Concrete. 2000, pp. 04–02.
  • Çimento-Bölüm 1: “Genel Çimentolar-Bileşim, Özellikler ve Uygunluk Kriterleri.” Ankara, 2002.
  • O. A. Mayhoub, A. Mohsen, Y. R. Alharbi, A. A. Abadel, A. O. Habib, and M. Kohail, "Effect of curing regimes on chloride binding capacity of geopolymer," Ain Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 3659–3668, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1016/J.ASEJ.2021.04.032.
  • Z. Sun and A. Vollpracht, "Isothermal calorimetry and in-situ XRD study of the NaOH activated fly ash, metakaolin, and slag," Cem Concr Res, vol. 103, pp. 110–122, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.1016/J.CEMCONRES.2017.10.004.
  • J. M. Osepchuk, "A History of Microwave Heating Applications," IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech, vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 1200–1224, 1984, doi: 10.1109/TMTT.1984.1132831.
  • T. Santos, M. A. Valente, J. Monteiro, J. Sousa, and L. C. Costa, "Electromagnetic and thermal history during microwave heating," Appl Therm Eng, vol. 31, no. 16, pp. 3255–3261, Nov. 2011, doi: 10.1016/J.APPLTHERMALENG.2011.06.006.
  • Y. Esen and B. Yilmazer, "An investigation of X-ray and radioisotope energy absorption of heavyweight concrete containing barite," 2011.
  • I. B. Topçu, M. U. Toprak, and D. Akdaǧ, "Determination of optimal microwave curing cycle for fly ash mortars," Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 349–357, Apr. 2008, doi: 10.1139/L07-132.
  • C. K. Y. Leung and T. Pheeraphan, "PI1 SOOOS8846(97)00015-X DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL PROCESS FOR MICROWAVE CURING OF CONCRETE," Else&r Science Ltd, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 463–472, 1997.
  • O. A. Mayhoub, E. S. A. R. Nasr, Y. Ali, and M. Kohail, "Properties of slag-based geopolymer reactive powder concrete," Ain Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 99–105, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1016/J.ASEJ.2020.08.013.
  • M. KAYA, “Yüksek ve Düşük Kalsiyum İçeren Uçucu Küllerin Birlikte Kullanılması İle Üretilen Geopolimer Harçların Fiziksel ve Mekanik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi,” Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.46810/tdfd.782054.
  • M. B. Karakoç, I. Türkmen, M. M. Maraş, F. Kantarci, R. Demirboʇa, and M. Uʇur Toprak, "Mechanical properties and setting time of ferrochrome slag based geopolymer paste and mortar," Constr Build Mater, vol. 72, pp. 283–292, Dec. 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.09.021.
  • G. Venkatappa Rao Ch Hanumantha Rao Purnachandra Saha, "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING Special Issue of INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING-ACE 2011 CAFET-INNOVA Technical Society Hyderabad, INDIA www.cafetinnova.org," 2011. [Online]. Available: www.cafetinnova.org
  • A. Graytee, J. G. Sanjayan, and A. Nazari, "Development of a high strength fly ash-based geopolymer in a short time by using microwave curing," Ceram Int, vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 8216–8222, May 2018, doi: 10.1016/J.CERAMINT.2018.02.001.
  • C. Ng, U. J. Alengaram, L. S. Wong, K. H. Mo, M. Z. Jumaat, and S. Ramesh, "A review on the microstructural study and compressive strength of geopolymer mortar, paste and concrete," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 186. Elsevier Ltd, pp. 550–576, Oct. 20, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.075.
  • G. Görhan and G. Kürklü, "The influence of the NaOH solution on the properties of the fly ash-based geopolymer mortar cured at different temperatures," Compos B Eng, vol. 58, pp. 371–377, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.10.082.
  • M. S. El-Feky, M. Kohail, A. M. El-Tair, and M. I. Serag, "Effect of microwave curing as compared with conventional regimes on the performance of alkali activated slag pastes," Constr Build Mater, vol. 233, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117268.
  • P. Chindaprasirt, U. Rattanasak, and S. Taebuanhuad, "Role of microwave radiation in curing the fly ash geopolymer," 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.apt.2012.12.005.
  • A. Celik, K. Yilmaz, O. Canpolat, M. M. Al-mashhadani, Y. Aygörmez, and M. Uysal, "High-temperature behavior and mechanical characteristics of boron waste additive metakaolin based geopolymer composites reinforced with synthetic fibers," Constr Build Mater, vol. 187, pp. 1190–1203, Oct. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.08.062.
  • M. Uysal, M. M. Al-mashhadani, Y. Aygörmez, and O. Canpolat, "Effect of using colemanite waste and silica fume as partial replacement on the performance of metakaolin-based geopolymer mortars," Constr Build Mater, vol. 176, pp. 271–282, Jul. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.034.
  • M. Sivasakthi, R. Jeyalakshmi, N. P. Rajamane, and R. Jose, "Thermal and structural micro analysis of micro silica blended fly ash based geopolymer composites," J Non-Cryst Solids, vol. 499, pp. 117–130, Nov. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2018.07.027.
Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 207 - 215, 03.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.47481/jscmt.1315096

Abstract

References

  • M. S. Imbabi, C. Carrigan, and S. McKenna, "Trends and developments in green cement and concrete technology," International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 194–216, 2012, doi: 10.1016/J.IJSBE.2013.05.001.
  • J. Cai, X. Li, J. Tan, and B. Vandevyvere, "Thermal and compressive behaviors of fly ash and metakaolin-based geopolymer," Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 30, p. 101307, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1016/J.JOBE.2020.101307.
  • B. Y. POLAT, M. UYSAL, and V. KORKMAZ, "A RESEARCH FOR BACTERIAL SELF-HEALING IN METAKAOLIN BASED GEOPOLYMER MORTARS," Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 1401–1414, Oct. 2021, Accessed: May 18, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/sigma/issue/65286/1007459
  • B. Yılmazer Polat and M. Uysal, "Bacterial crack healing in metakaolin-based geopolymer mortars," Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 39, p. 102291, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.1016/J.JOBE.2021.102291.
  • O. A. Mayhoub, E. S. A. R. Nasr, Y. Ali, and M. Kohail, "Properties of slag-based geopolymer reactive powder concrete," Ain Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 99–105, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1016/J.ASEJ.2020.08.013.
  • ASTM International, Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Concrete. 2000, pp. 04–02.
  • Çimento-Bölüm 1: “Genel Çimentolar-Bileşim, Özellikler ve Uygunluk Kriterleri.” Ankara, 2002.
  • O. A. Mayhoub, A. Mohsen, Y. R. Alharbi, A. A. Abadel, A. O. Habib, and M. Kohail, "Effect of curing regimes on chloride binding capacity of geopolymer," Ain Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 3659–3668, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1016/J.ASEJ.2021.04.032.
  • Z. Sun and A. Vollpracht, "Isothermal calorimetry and in-situ XRD study of the NaOH activated fly ash, metakaolin, and slag," Cem Concr Res, vol. 103, pp. 110–122, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.1016/J.CEMCONRES.2017.10.004.
  • J. M. Osepchuk, "A History of Microwave Heating Applications," IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech, vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 1200–1224, 1984, doi: 10.1109/TMTT.1984.1132831.
  • T. Santos, M. A. Valente, J. Monteiro, J. Sousa, and L. C. Costa, "Electromagnetic and thermal history during microwave heating," Appl Therm Eng, vol. 31, no. 16, pp. 3255–3261, Nov. 2011, doi: 10.1016/J.APPLTHERMALENG.2011.06.006.
  • Y. Esen and B. Yilmazer, "An investigation of X-ray and radioisotope energy absorption of heavyweight concrete containing barite," 2011.
  • I. B. Topçu, M. U. Toprak, and D. Akdaǧ, "Determination of optimal microwave curing cycle for fly ash mortars," Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 349–357, Apr. 2008, doi: 10.1139/L07-132.
  • C. K. Y. Leung and T. Pheeraphan, "PI1 SOOOS8846(97)00015-X DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL PROCESS FOR MICROWAVE CURING OF CONCRETE," Else&r Science Ltd, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 463–472, 1997.
  • O. A. Mayhoub, E. S. A. R. Nasr, Y. Ali, and M. Kohail, "Properties of slag-based geopolymer reactive powder concrete," Ain Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 99–105, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1016/J.ASEJ.2020.08.013.
  • M. KAYA, “Yüksek ve Düşük Kalsiyum İçeren Uçucu Küllerin Birlikte Kullanılması İle Üretilen Geopolimer Harçların Fiziksel ve Mekanik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi,” Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.46810/tdfd.782054.
  • M. B. Karakoç, I. Türkmen, M. M. Maraş, F. Kantarci, R. Demirboʇa, and M. Uʇur Toprak, "Mechanical properties and setting time of ferrochrome slag based geopolymer paste and mortar," Constr Build Mater, vol. 72, pp. 283–292, Dec. 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.09.021.
  • G. Venkatappa Rao Ch Hanumantha Rao Purnachandra Saha, "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING Special Issue of INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING-ACE 2011 CAFET-INNOVA Technical Society Hyderabad, INDIA www.cafetinnova.org," 2011. [Online]. Available: www.cafetinnova.org
  • A. Graytee, J. G. Sanjayan, and A. Nazari, "Development of a high strength fly ash-based geopolymer in a short time by using microwave curing," Ceram Int, vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 8216–8222, May 2018, doi: 10.1016/J.CERAMINT.2018.02.001.
  • C. Ng, U. J. Alengaram, L. S. Wong, K. H. Mo, M. Z. Jumaat, and S. Ramesh, "A review on the microstructural study and compressive strength of geopolymer mortar, paste and concrete," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 186. Elsevier Ltd, pp. 550–576, Oct. 20, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.075.
  • G. Görhan and G. Kürklü, "The influence of the NaOH solution on the properties of the fly ash-based geopolymer mortar cured at different temperatures," Compos B Eng, vol. 58, pp. 371–377, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.10.082.
  • M. S. El-Feky, M. Kohail, A. M. El-Tair, and M. I. Serag, "Effect of microwave curing as compared with conventional regimes on the performance of alkali activated slag pastes," Constr Build Mater, vol. 233, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117268.
  • P. Chindaprasirt, U. Rattanasak, and S. Taebuanhuad, "Role of microwave radiation in curing the fly ash geopolymer," 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.apt.2012.12.005.
  • A. Celik, K. Yilmaz, O. Canpolat, M. M. Al-mashhadani, Y. Aygörmez, and M. Uysal, "High-temperature behavior and mechanical characteristics of boron waste additive metakaolin based geopolymer composites reinforced with synthetic fibers," Constr Build Mater, vol. 187, pp. 1190–1203, Oct. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.08.062.
  • M. Uysal, M. M. Al-mashhadani, Y. Aygörmez, and O. Canpolat, "Effect of using colemanite waste and silica fume as partial replacement on the performance of metakaolin-based geopolymer mortars," Constr Build Mater, vol. 176, pp. 271–282, Jul. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.034.
  • M. Sivasakthi, R. Jeyalakshmi, N. P. Rajamane, and R. Jose, "Thermal and structural micro analysis of micro silica blended fly ash based geopolymer composites," J Non-Cryst Solids, vol. 499, pp. 117–130, Nov. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2018.07.027.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Materials Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Berivan Yılmazer Polat 0000-0001-9109-2876

Early Pub Date September 30, 2023
Publication Date October 3, 2023
Submission Date June 15, 2023
Acceptance Date September 11, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Yılmazer Polat, B. (2023). The influence of microwave curing on the strength of silica fume-added fly ash-based geopolymer mortars. Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies, 8(3), 207-215. https://doi.org/10.47481/jscmt.1315096

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E-mail: jscmt@yildiz.edu.tr