Abstract
Paper is a thin material mainly used for writing, printing, and packaging. The stem and fruit stem of two Musa species, Musa Acuminata Balbisiana (Banana stem) and Musa Paradisiaca (Plantain stem), were expanded. This research aimed to find other alternatives to reduce the use of wood fibers that are being converted into paper. The stem chips were charged into a digester with different percentages (5, 10, and 15%) of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and were subjected to the impregnating temperature (60oC) for 1 hour before heating to 100oC for 3 hours. The stems were pounded finely with mortar and pestle and then bleached using 15% hydrogen peroxide. Calcium carbonate (10%) was added to both pulps obtained as filler, while 5% glue was added as a sizing agent. The mixture was agitated, pressurized, and air-dried, and mechanical tests were carried out. It was shown that the tearing resistance, tensile strength, and elongation tests obtained using 5% NaOH for banana, plantain and banana fruit stems were 0.84 mN, 17.82 N/m2, and 4.90 mm; 1.35 mN, 14.95 N/m, and 2.17 mm; and 1.90 mN, 24.77 N/m2, and 5.49 mm while the pulp yields were 36.7%, 35.5%, and 38.5%, respectively. The results obtained using 10% NaOH for banana, plantain, and banana fruit stems were 0.80 mN, 17.30 N/m2, and 4.85 mm; 1.25 mN, 14.73 N/m2, and 2.0 mm; 1.85 mN, 23.60 N/m2, and 5.35 mm while the pulp yields were 35.80%, 34.12%, and 32.25% in that order. Moreover, using 15% of NaOH for banana, plantain, and banana fruit stems gave 0.70 mN, 6.89 N/m2, and 1.86 mm; 0.79 mN, 8.70 N/m2, and 2.90 mm; and 1.5 mN, 12.62 N/m2, and 3.03 mm while the pulp yields were 33.8, 33.11, and 31.03%, respectively. This showed that banana fruit stems pulped at 5% NaOH gave better results than banana and plantain stems. In conclusion, the pulp is suitable for producing fiberboards and cartons.
References
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Abstract
References
- J. U. Odo, E. L. C. Nnabuife, A. B. Ukaegbu, Production of paper from rice straw, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, The Nigerian Materials Congress, Awka Anambra State Nigeria, 2004, pp. 39–41.
- M. A. Omotoso, B. O. Ogunsile, Fiber and chemical properties of some Nigerian grown Musa Species for pulp production, Asian Journal of Materials Science, 2 (3) (2010) 160–167.
- O. E. Onuorah, Preliminary investigation of the potential of six Nigerian grown hardwood species as sources of fiber for the pulp and paper industry, Journal of Agricultural Technology (9) (2001) 17–24.
- K. Anya, K. Teschke. Fiber Sources for pulp and paper. Encyclopaedia of Occupation and Safety. International Labour Organization Geneva (2011), http://www.ilo.org/oshenc/part-x/paper-and-pulpindustry, Accessed 24 Apr 2013.
- H. Ibrahim, I. M. Bugaje, I. A Mohammed, Utilization of bagasse as raw material for the production of pulp and paper in Nigeria, International Journal of Engineering and Mathematical Intelligence, 2 (1-3) (2011) 26–33.
- B. U. Anyanwu, O. S. Olokode, P. O. Aiyedun, F. T. Owoeye, Y. T. Oyeleke. Potentials of ukwa tree (sterculia setigera) as a source of raw material for pulp and paper making, The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology 13 (1) (2012) 145–159.
- N. K. Agarwal, N. K. Khanna, S. K. Chechi, K. L. Patel, S. L. Pawar, R. G. Patil, Evaluation of banana pseudostem based on fiber as pulp and paper making raw material, Soil and Water Management Research Unit, Navsari Agricultural University Navsari IPPTA J. 23 (3) (2011) 119–125.
- J. Christopher, Handbook of Pulp and Paper Making, Academic Press, San Diego, 2007.
- E. Sjostrom, Wood Chemistry: Fundamental and Application, Academic Press, San Diego, 2003, pp. 12–62.
- M. Hartsuch, J. Paul, Chemistry for the graphic arts, Pennsylvania Graphic Arts Technical Foundation, (2003) 196–214.
- P. Froass, R. Arthur, J. Jiang, Chemical structure of residual lignin from kraft pulp. Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology 16 (4) (2000) 347–365.
- H. Jeffery, S. Smith, B. Jason. Second critical solids black liquor scalling pulp and paper. Engineering School of Chemical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Georgi, 2007, pp. 34–60.
- G. Astrakianakis, J. Anderson. Bleaching. Encyclopaedia of Occupation and Safety; International Labour Organization Geneva (2011), http://www.ilo.org/oshenc/part-x/paper-and-pulpindustry, Accessed 24 Apr 2013.
- P. P. Singh. The Bleaching of Pulp, 3rd Edition, TAPPI Press, Atlanta, 2007, pp. 45–65.
- G. Chuck. Paper and Pulp Dictionary CPPN Electronics 23 Mary Vale Drive, Webster NewYork, 2011.
- M. A. Hubbe, Properties of Paper Department Wood and Paper Science. North Carolina State University, 2013.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Timber, Pulp and Paper |
| Journal Section | Research & Review Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | July 2, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 4 Issue: 1 |
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