The Optimum Amount of Waste Glass Aggregate that can Substitute Fine Aggregate in Concrete

Aper Zava; Samson Nyiutsa Apebo; Paul Terkumbur Adeke

doi:10.29002/asujse.808557

Research Article

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 159 - 171, 30.12.2020

Aper Zava , Samson Nyiutsa Apebo Paul Terkumbur Adeke

https://doi.org/10.29002/asujse.808557

Cited By: 2

Abstract

References

[1] E.R. Vieitez, P. Eder, A. Villanueva, and H. Saveyn, End-of-Waste Criteria for Glass Cullet: Technical Proposal. Joint Research Center – Institute for Prospective Technological Studies Scientific and Technical Reports. EUR 25220 EN. European Commission. Luxemburg, (2011).
[2] S. Kaza, L. Yao, P. Bhada-Tata, F.V. Woerden, What a Waste 2.0: A global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050. World Bank, Washinton DC, Doi: 10.15961978-1-4648-1329-0. (2018).
[3] Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Facts and Figures about Materials, Waste and Recycling. Retrieved from: epa.org/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling/glass-material-specific-data. (Accessed: 28 April 2020).
[4] Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). UK Statistics on Waste. Retrieved from: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/874265/uk_Statistics_On_Waste_statistical_notice-March_2020_accessible_Final_rev_v0.5.pdf. (Accessed: 18 June 2020).
[5] Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, Waste Management in Germany 2018: Facts, data, diagrams, (2018). Retrieved from: www.bmu.de/en/publications. (Accessed: 18 June 2020).
[6] J.X. Lu and C.S. Poon, Recycling of Waste Glass in Construction Materials (Chapter 6), New Trends in Eco-efficient and Recycled Concrete, 1st Edition, (2019) (pp. 153 – 167). Woodhead Publishing. Available online at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/glass-aggregate
[7] J. Harder, Glass recycling – current market trends. Recovery Newsletter, (2018). Retrieved from: https://www.recovery-worldwide.com/en/artikel/glass-recycling-current-market-trends_3248774.html. (Accessed: 29 April 2020).
[8] American Chemical Society, Why Glass Recycling in the US is Broken, Chemical and Engineering News (C & EN), 97(6), February 2019. Retrieved from: https://cen.acs.org/materials/inorganic_chemistry/glass-recycling-us-broken/97/i6. (Accessed: 28 April 2020).
[9] C. Meyer, N. Egosi, C. Andela, Concrete with Waste Glass as Aggregate in “Recycling and Re-use of Glass Cullet”, D., Dyer and Limbachiya, ed., Proceedings of the International Symposium Concrete Technology Unit of the ASCE and University of Dundee, March 19-20, 2001.
[10] W. Jin, C. Meyer, and S. Baxter, “Glasscrete”- Concrete with Glass Aggregate. ACI Materials Journal. 97(2) (2000) 208-213.
[11] K.P.E. Afshinnia, Waste Glass in Concrete has Advantages and Disadvantages, Concrete Decor, 19(8) (2019). Retrirved from: https://www.concretedecor.net/decorativeconcretearticles/vol-19-no-8.november-december-2019/waste-glass-in-concrte-has-advantages-and-disadvantages/.
[12] Waste and Resources Action Program (WRAP), How are Glass Bottles Recycled? Retrieved from https://www.recyclenow.com/recycling-knowledge/how-is-it-recycled. (Accessed 18 June 2020).
[13] British Glass Manufacturers’ Confederation, Recycling. Retrieved from https://www.britglass.org.uk/our-work/recycling. (Accessed 18 June 2020).
[14] Federal Highway Administration, User Guidelines for Waste and Byproduct Materials in Pavement Construction. Publication Number FHWA-RD-97-148. Retrieved from: fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/structures/97148/wg1.cfm. (Accessed: 28 April 2020).
[15] R. Jain, L. Urban, H. Balbach, and M.D. Webb, Handbook of Environmental Engineering Assessment: Strategy, Planning, and Management. Chapter 12. 1st Edition (2012). Butterworth-Heinemann USA.
[16] F. Tittarelli, C. Giosue, A. Molali, Recycled Glass as Aggregate for Architectural Mortars. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 12 (2018) 57.
[17] J. Rabnawaz, F.H. Wagan, and G.H. Wagan, Reuse of Glass in Concrete Analysis with minimizing Impact of Solid Waste on Environment. MOJ Civil Engineering, 4(3) (2018) 131-134.
[18] P. Rajagopalan, V. Balaji, N. Unnikrishnan, T. Jainulttag, and P. Bhuvaneshwari, Study on Bond Characteristics of Reinforced Waste Glass Aggregate Concrete,IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth & Environ. Sci. 80 (2017) 012006.
[19] O.M. Olofinnade, A.N. Ede, J.M. Ndambuki, B.U. Ngene, I.I. Akinwumi, and O. Ofuyatan, Strength and Microstructure of Eco-concrete Produced Using Waste Glass as Partial Replacement for Sand. Cogent Engineering, 5(1) (2018) 1483860.
[20] A.W. Otunyo, B.N. Okechukwu, Performance of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Fine aggregate with crushed Waste Glass. Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH). 36(2) (2017) 403-410.
[21] H. Du, K.H. Tan,Concrete with Recycled Glass as Fine Aggregate. ACI Materials Journal. 111(1) (2014) 47-58.
[22] N. Gerges, C. Issa, S. Fawaz, J. Jabbour, J. Jreige, A. Yacoub, Recycled Glass Concrete: Coarse and Fine Aggregates. European Journal of Engineering Research and Science, 3(1) (2018) 1-9.
[23] S.P. Gautam, V. Srivastava, and V.C. Agarwal, Use of Glass Waste as Fine Aggregate in Concrete. Journal of Academic and industrial Research, 1(6) (2012) 320-322.
[24] The Concrete Society Recycled glass aggregate. Retrieved from http://www.concrete.org.uk/fingertips-nuggets.asp?cmd=display&id=783. (Accessed 4 October 2020).
[25] A. Anwar, TheInfluence of Waste Glass Powder as a Pozzolanic Material in Concrete. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology. 7(6) (2016) 131-148.
[26] D. Thompson, How to Use Glass as Aggregate in Concrete, Concrete Decor. 5(3), (2005). Retrieved from https://www.concretedecor.net/decorativeconcretearticles/vol-5-no-3-junejuly-2005/mixtures-and-additives-using-glass-as-aggregate/
[27] BS 882, Specification for aggregates from natural sources for concrete, British Standard Institution, (1992). London. UK.
[28] BS 1881 Part 102, Testing Concrete. Method for Determination of Slump. British Standards Institution, (1983). London, UK.
[29] BS 1881 Part 116 Testing Concrete. Method for Determination of Compressive Strength of Concrete Cubes. British Standards Institution, (1983). London, UK.
[30] P.L. Domone, Fresh Concrete. In J. Newman and B.S. Choo (Eds.) Advanced Concrete Technology 2 – Concrete Properties, (Elsevier Ltd, Oxford, UK. 2003) pp. 1/3 – 1/29.
[31] J. Lay, The Effects of Natural Aggregates on the Properties of Concrete. In J. Newman and B.S. Choo (Eds.) Advanced Concrete Technology 1 – Constituent Materials, (Elsevier Ltd, Oxford, UK, 2003) pp. 8/1 – 8/16.
[32] G. Mishra, What are the Factors Affecting Workability of Concrete? The Constructor. Retrieved from https://theconstructor.org/concrte/factors-affecting-workability-concrete/11190/. (Accessed 20 June 2020)

The Optimum Amount of Waste Glass Aggregate that can Substitute Fine Aggregate in Concrete

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 159 - 171, 30.12.2020

Aper Zava , Samson Nyiutsa Apebo Paul Terkumbur Adeke

https://doi.org/10.29002/asujse.808557

Cited By: 2

Abstract

The study that is reported in this paper was carried out to study the effects of glass sand on the properties of concrete and determine the optimum amount of waste glass aggregate that can effectively replace fine aggregate in cement concrete. The objectives of the study were to prepare concrete specimens containing various amounts of glass sand as partial replacement for fine aggregate and to determine the properties of fresh and hardened concrete specimens so produced. It was found that glass sand does not have significant effect on the workability of concrete. The density of concrete containing glass sand was slightly lower than the density of normal concrete by a factor of 1-2%. The presence of glass sand did not alter the established strength-time relation of concrete. The strength of concrete containing glass sand increased progressively with curing time. Glass sand had significant effect on the strength of concrete. A plot of concrete strength and glass sand content was a parabola curving downward. The peak strength, obtained at 10% glass sand content, was 1.2 times the target strength of 25 N/mm2. The study concluded that the optimum amount of glass sand that can effectively substitute river sand in grade C25 concrete is 16% of the proportion of fine aggregate in the concrete. For plain concrete, glass sand alone can be used as fine aggregate. It was recommended that supplementary cementitious materials should be incorporated in the concrete to suppress the deleterious alkali-silica reaction that may take place when glass concrete is exposed to moisture.

Keywords

alkali-silica reaction, fine aggregate, Concrete,, Glass sand,, Recycling,, Waste glass,

References

[1] E.R. Vieitez, P. Eder, A. Villanueva, and H. Saveyn, End-of-Waste Criteria for Glass Cullet: Technical Proposal. Joint Research Center – Institute for Prospective Technological Studies Scientific and Technical Reports. EUR 25220 EN. European Commission. Luxemburg, (2011).
[2] S. Kaza, L. Yao, P. Bhada-Tata, F.V. Woerden, What a Waste 2.0: A global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050. World Bank, Washinton DC, Doi: 10.15961978-1-4648-1329-0. (2018).
[3] Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Facts and Figures about Materials, Waste and Recycling. Retrieved from: epa.org/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling/glass-material-specific-data. (Accessed: 28 April 2020).
[4] Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). UK Statistics on Waste. Retrieved from: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/874265/uk_Statistics_On_Waste_statistical_notice-March_2020_accessible_Final_rev_v0.5.pdf. (Accessed: 18 June 2020).
[5] Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, Waste Management in Germany 2018: Facts, data, diagrams, (2018). Retrieved from: www.bmu.de/en/publications. (Accessed: 18 June 2020).
[6] J.X. Lu and C.S. Poon, Recycling of Waste Glass in Construction Materials (Chapter 6), New Trends in Eco-efficient and Recycled Concrete, 1st Edition, (2019) (pp. 153 – 167). Woodhead Publishing. Available online at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/glass-aggregate
[7] J. Harder, Glass recycling – current market trends. Recovery Newsletter, (2018). Retrieved from: https://www.recovery-worldwide.com/en/artikel/glass-recycling-current-market-trends_3248774.html. (Accessed: 29 April 2020).
[8] American Chemical Society, Why Glass Recycling in the US is Broken, Chemical and Engineering News (C & EN), 97(6), February 2019. Retrieved from: https://cen.acs.org/materials/inorganic_chemistry/glass-recycling-us-broken/97/i6. (Accessed: 28 April 2020).
[9] C. Meyer, N. Egosi, C. Andela, Concrete with Waste Glass as Aggregate in “Recycling and Re-use of Glass Cullet”, D., Dyer and Limbachiya, ed., Proceedings of the International Symposium Concrete Technology Unit of the ASCE and University of Dundee, March 19-20, 2001.
[10] W. Jin, C. Meyer, and S. Baxter, “Glasscrete”- Concrete with Glass Aggregate. ACI Materials Journal. 97(2) (2000) 208-213.
[11] K.P.E. Afshinnia, Waste Glass in Concrete has Advantages and Disadvantages, Concrete Decor, 19(8) (2019). Retrirved from: https://www.concretedecor.net/decorativeconcretearticles/vol-19-no-8.november-december-2019/waste-glass-in-concrte-has-advantages-and-disadvantages/.
[12] Waste and Resources Action Program (WRAP), How are Glass Bottles Recycled? Retrieved from https://www.recyclenow.com/recycling-knowledge/how-is-it-recycled. (Accessed 18 June 2020).
[13] British Glass Manufacturers’ Confederation, Recycling. Retrieved from https://www.britglass.org.uk/our-work/recycling. (Accessed 18 June 2020).
[14] Federal Highway Administration, User Guidelines for Waste and Byproduct Materials in Pavement Construction. Publication Number FHWA-RD-97-148. Retrieved from: fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/structures/97148/wg1.cfm. (Accessed: 28 April 2020).
[15] R. Jain, L. Urban, H. Balbach, and M.D. Webb, Handbook of Environmental Engineering Assessment: Strategy, Planning, and Management. Chapter 12. 1st Edition (2012). Butterworth-Heinemann USA.
[16] F. Tittarelli, C. Giosue, A. Molali, Recycled Glass as Aggregate for Architectural Mortars. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 12 (2018) 57.
[17] J. Rabnawaz, F.H. Wagan, and G.H. Wagan, Reuse of Glass in Concrete Analysis with minimizing Impact of Solid Waste on Environment. MOJ Civil Engineering, 4(3) (2018) 131-134.
[18] P. Rajagopalan, V. Balaji, N. Unnikrishnan, T. Jainulttag, and P. Bhuvaneshwari, Study on Bond Characteristics of Reinforced Waste Glass Aggregate Concrete,IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth & Environ. Sci. 80 (2017) 012006.
[19] O.M. Olofinnade, A.N. Ede, J.M. Ndambuki, B.U. Ngene, I.I. Akinwumi, and O. Ofuyatan, Strength and Microstructure of Eco-concrete Produced Using Waste Glass as Partial Replacement for Sand. Cogent Engineering, 5(1) (2018) 1483860.
[20] A.W. Otunyo, B.N. Okechukwu, Performance of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Fine aggregate with crushed Waste Glass. Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH). 36(2) (2017) 403-410.
[21] H. Du, K.H. Tan,Concrete with Recycled Glass as Fine Aggregate. ACI Materials Journal. 111(1) (2014) 47-58.
[22] N. Gerges, C. Issa, S. Fawaz, J. Jabbour, J. Jreige, A. Yacoub, Recycled Glass Concrete: Coarse and Fine Aggregates. European Journal of Engineering Research and Science, 3(1) (2018) 1-9.
[23] S.P. Gautam, V. Srivastava, and V.C. Agarwal, Use of Glass Waste as Fine Aggregate in Concrete. Journal of Academic and industrial Research, 1(6) (2012) 320-322.
[24] The Concrete Society Recycled glass aggregate. Retrieved from http://www.concrete.org.uk/fingertips-nuggets.asp?cmd=display&id=783. (Accessed 4 October 2020).
[25] A. Anwar, TheInfluence of Waste Glass Powder as a Pozzolanic Material in Concrete. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology. 7(6) (2016) 131-148.
[26] D. Thompson, How to Use Glass as Aggregate in Concrete, Concrete Decor. 5(3), (2005). Retrieved from https://www.concretedecor.net/decorativeconcretearticles/vol-5-no-3-junejuly-2005/mixtures-and-additives-using-glass-as-aggregate/
[27] BS 882, Specification for aggregates from natural sources for concrete, British Standard Institution, (1992). London. UK.
[28] BS 1881 Part 102, Testing Concrete. Method for Determination of Slump. British Standards Institution, (1983). London, UK.
[29] BS 1881 Part 116 Testing Concrete. Method for Determination of Compressive Strength of Concrete Cubes. British Standards Institution, (1983). London, UK.
[30] P.L. Domone, Fresh Concrete. In J. Newman and B.S. Choo (Eds.) Advanced Concrete Technology 2 – Concrete Properties, (Elsevier Ltd, Oxford, UK. 2003) pp. 1/3 – 1/29.
[31] J. Lay, The Effects of Natural Aggregates on the Properties of Concrete. In J. Newman and B.S. Choo (Eds.) Advanced Concrete Technology 1 – Constituent Materials, (Elsevier Ltd, Oxford, UK, 2003) pp. 8/1 – 8/16.
[32] G. Mishra, What are the Factors Affecting Workability of Concrete? The Constructor. Retrieved from https://theconstructor.org/concrte/factors-affecting-workability-concrete/11190/. (Accessed 20 June 2020)

There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Engineering
Journal Section	Research Article
Authors	Aper Zava Samson Nyiutsa Apebo Paul Terkumbur Adeke
Publication Date	December 30, 2020
Submission Date	October 9, 2020
Acceptance Date	December 28, 2020
Published in Issue	Year 2020Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA	Zava, A., Apebo, S. N., & Adeke, P. T. (2020). The Optimum Amount of Waste Glass Aggregate that can Substitute Fine Aggregate in Concrete. Aksaray University Journal of Science and Engineering, 4(2), 159-171. https://doi.org/10.29002/asujse.808557