AKADEMİSYENLERİN YENİ MEDYADAKİ SİYASAL KATILIMLARI ÜZERİNDEN BİR ALAN ARAŞTIRMASI

Gökhan Gürbüz

Research Article

AKADEMİSYENLERİN YENİ MEDYADAKİ SİYASAL KATILIMLARI ÜZERİNDEN BİR ALAN ARAŞTIRMASI

Year 2021, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 188 - 206, 30.07.2021

Gökhan Gürbüz

Abstract

Türkiye'de ve dünyada sosyal medya ve internet araçlarının kullanımı gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Bu durum bireylerin gündelik konulara veya politik olana karşı düşüncelerini ve tutumlarını etkilemekte, böylece katılıma teşvik etmektedir. Özellikle politik alana katılım, demokrasinin asıl amaçlarının başında gelmektedir. Türkiye'de sosyal medya kullanımının yoğun olduğu göz önüne alındığında politik alana katılımın sosyal ağ platformlarında arttığı görülmektedir. Bu alanda yapılan çalışmalar sosyal medya ve seçmen, sosyal medya ve üniversite öğrencileri gibi ilişkisel boyutta incelenmiştir. Siyasal katılım ve akademisyenler arasındaki ilişkiyi ele alan bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu noktada araştıran, üreten ve eyleyen bir özne olarak akademisyenlerin sosyal medyada siyasal katılımlarını incelemek çalışmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Akademisyenlerin sosyal medya ve siyasal katılımları arasındaki ilişki bir devlet üniversitesinin Yabancı Diller Yüksekokulu örnekleminde üç bölümden oluşan anket ölçeği uygulanarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada akademisyenlerin sosyal medyayı en çok ‘gündemi takip etmek’ ve siyasal katılım amacıyla kullandığı, siyasal katılımlarının yaş ortalamasına bağlı olduğu, sosyal medyayı politik amaçlı yoğun kullandıkları ve sosyal medyanın siyasal katılımda çok etkili olduğu bulgularına ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

Yeni Medya, Siyasal Katılım, Demokrasi, Akademisyen, Politik

References

Ahmad, T., Alvi, A., & Ittefaq, M. (2019). The use of social media on political participation among university students: An analysis of survey results from rural Pakistan. Sage Open, 1-9. doi:10.1177/2158244019864484
Alkan, H. (2018). Siyaset bilimine giriş. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Açık ve Uzaktan Eğitim Fakültesi.
Aristoteles. (2017). Politika (3. Basım). (F. Akderin, Çev.) İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
Aziz, A. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri ve teknikleri. Ankara: Nobel Akademik.
Bennett, S. E. ve Bennett, L. L. (1986). Political participation. Annual Review of Political Science, 1, 157-204.
Bimber, B. ve Copeland, L. (2013). Digital media and traditional political participation over time in the U.S.. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 10(2), 125-137.
Boyd, D. M., ve Ellison, N. (2008). Social network sites: Definition, history and scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 210-230.
Boyer, E. L. (1990). Scholarship reconsidered. New York: The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
Cantijoch, M., Cutts , D. J., & Gibson, R. (2013). Internet use and political engagement: The role of e-campaigning as a pathway to online political participation. Erişim tarihi: 13.02.2021. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/538243k2
Carpentier, N. (2011). Media and participation: A site of ideological-democratic struggle. Bristol: Intellect.
Castells, M. ve Ince, M. (2006). Manuel Castells'le söyleşiler. (E. Kılıç, Çev.) İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
Crosbie, V. (2002). Digital deliverance. Erişim tarihi: 03.01.2021 http://www.digitaldeliverance.com/
Çağlar, N. (2011). 2007 genel seçimlerinde yerel medyada kadın adayın temsili: Antalya ve Isparta örneği. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Isparta.
Çaha, Ö., Toprak, M. & Dalmış, İ. (1996). Siyasal parti üyelerinde siyasal katılım düzeyi: Kırıkkale örneği. Yeni Türkiye Dergisi, 96(6), 205-247.
Daver, B. (1969). Siyaset bilimine giriş. Ankara: Doğan Yayınevi.
Devran, Y. (2004). Siyasal kampanya yönetimi. İstanbul: Odak İletişim.
Durdu, Z. (2013). Türkiye’de siyasal kültürü anlamak. Ankara: Kadim Yayınları.
Electoral Commission Of The UK. (tarih yok). Erişim tarihi: 13.02.2021. https://www.facebook.com/electoralcommissionuk
Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C. & Lampe, C. (2007). The benefits of facebook “Friends:” Social capital and college students’ use of online social network sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(4), 1143–1168.
Gibson, R. K. ve McAllister, I. (2013). Online social ties and political engagement. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 10(1), 21-34.
Golding, P. ve Murdock, G. (2001). Digital divides: Communications policy and its contradictions. New Economy, 8(2), 110–115.
Görün, M. (2006). Yerel demokrasi ve katılım: İzmir, Konya ve Ağrı il genel meclis üyeleri üzerinde bir araştırma. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 159-184.
Hsieha, Y. P. ve Lib, M. H. (2014). Online political participation, civic talk, and media multiplexity: How Taiwanese citizens express political opinions on the web. Information, Communication & Society, 17(1), 26-44.
International IDEA. (2015). Youth participation in electoral processes: New roles for African electoral management bodies. Erişim tarihi: 22.10.2020. https://www.idea.int/publications/catalogue/youth-participation-electoral-processes-new-roles-african-electoral
Jenkins, H. (2016). Cesur yeni medya teknolojiler ve hayran kültürü. (N. Yeğengil, Çev.) İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
Jiang, L. (2016). The effects of the internet on online and offline political participation among citizens in Australia. 66th Annual International Conference of British Political Science Association 21 - 23 March. Brighton.
Kaplan, A. M. ve Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59–68. Karasar, N. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Akademik.
Kim, Y. ve Chen, H. T. (2016). Social media and online political participation: The mediating role of exposure to cross-cutting and like-minded perspectives. Telematics and Informatics, 33(2), 320–330.
Kutlu, A. (2018). Dönüşen medya çağında siyasal katılım: İstanbul’da yaşayan 18-22 yaş seçmen örneği. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, 5(3), 90 – 106.
Lee, M. J. ve McLoughlin, C. (2010). Web 2.0-based e-learning: Applying social informatics for tertiary teaching. Hershey: Information Science Reference.
Mahmud, A. ve Amin, R. (2017). Use of social networking media ın political participation: A study on Dhaka University students. Sociology and Anthropology, 5(6), 481-488.
Manovich, L. (2003). New media from Borges to HTML. In N. Wardrip-Fruin, & N. Montfort (Ed.), Introduction to the new media reader. (ss. 12-25). Cambridge: The MIT Press.
McKenzie, E. (2017). Getting the youth to tick: How Newshub’s engaging young voters. Stop Press NZ. Erişim tarihi: 22.10.2020. https://stoppress.co.nz/news/getting-youth-tick-how-newshubs-engaging-young-voters/
McLeod, J. M., Scheufele, D., & Moy, P. (2010). Community, communication, and participation: The role of mass media and interpersonal discussion in local political participation. Political Communication, 16(3), 315-336.
Odabaşı, H. F., Fırat , M., İzmirli , S., Çankaya , S., & Mısırlı, Z. A. (2010). Küreselleşen dünyada akademisyen olmak. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(3), 127-142.
Özyurt, C. (2010). Üniversite öğrencilerinin siyasal katılım davranışları: 29 Mart 2009 yerel seçimleri, Balıkesir örneği. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(33), 289 – 320.
Papagiannidis, S. ve Manika, D. (2016). Political participation and engagement via different online and offline channels. International Journal of E-Business Research, 12(4), 1-22.
Park, H. M. ve Perry, J. L. (2008). Do campaign web sites really matter in electoral civic engagement? Empirical evidence from the 2004 post–election internet tracking survey. Social Science Computer Review, 26(2), 190–212.
Schulz, W. (2005). Political efficacy and expected participation among lower and upper secondary students. A comparative analysis with data from the IEA civic education study. Erişim tarihi: 22.10.2020. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/39728730_Political_Efficacy_and_Expected_Participation_among_Lower_and_Upper_Secondary_Students_A_comparative_analysis_with_data_from_the_IEA_Civic_Education_Study/citations
Siedschlag, A. (2007). Digital democracy and its application to the international arena – from “deliberation” to “decision”. Erişim tarihi: 14.11.2020. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242295568.
Sotirovic, M. ve McLeod, J. (2001). Values, communication behavior, and political participation. Political Communication, 18(3), 273-300.
Stetka, V., Mackova, A., & Fialova, M. (2014). A winding road from “likes” to votes. In B. Patrut, & M. Patrut (Ed.), Social media in politics case studies on the political power of social media. (ss. 225-244). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
Stevenson, N. (2006). Medya kültürleri: Sosyal teori ve kitle iletişimi. (B. E. Aksoy, Çev.) Ankara: Ütopya Yayınevi.
Verba, S., Schlozman , K. L., & Brady, H. E. (1995). Voice and equality: Civic voluntarism in American politics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
We Are Social. (2021). Digital 2021: Turkey. Erişim tarihi: 12.04.2021. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2021-turkey
Weimann, G. (1994). The influentials: People who influence people. Albany: State Unversity.
Wong, J. C. (2019). Facebook to be fined $5bn for Cambridge Analytica privacy violations – reports. Erişim tarihi: 09.07.2021. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/jul/12/facebook-fine-ftc- privacy-violations.
Zúñiga, H. G. ve Chen, H. T. (2019). Digital media and politics: Effects of the great information and communication divides. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 63(3), 365-373.
Zúñiga, H. G., Jung, N., & Valenzuela, S. (2012). Social media use for news and individuals’ social capital, civic engagement and political participation. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 17(3), 319–336.

A FIELD RESEARCH ON THE POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF ACADEMICIANS IN NEW MEDIA

Year 2021, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 188 - 206, 30.07.2021

Gökhan Gürbüz

Abstract

The use of social media and internet tools in the world and Turkey is increasing day by day. This situation affects the thoughts and attitudes of individuals towards everyday issues or the political, thus encouraging participation. Especially participation in the political field is one of the main goals of democracy. When considering the use of social media in Turkey is concentrated on social networking platforms has increased participation in the political field. Studies in this field have been examined in relational dimensions such as social media and voters, social media and university students. There is not find study dealing with the relationship between political participation and academics. At this point, the aim of the study is to examine the political participation of academicians in new media as a researcher, producer and acting subject. The relationship between the social media and political participation of academics was analyzed by applying a survey scale consisting of three parts in a sample of the School of Foreign Languages of a state university. In the study, it was found that academics mostly use social media for 'following the agenda' and political participation, their political participation depends on the average age, they use social media intensively for political purposes and that social media is very effective in political participation.

Keywords

New Media, Political Participation, Democracy, Academician, Politic

References

Ahmad, T., Alvi, A., & Ittefaq, M. (2019). The use of social media on political participation among university students: An analysis of survey results from rural Pakistan. Sage Open, 1-9. doi:10.1177/2158244019864484
Alkan, H. (2018). Siyaset bilimine giriş. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Açık ve Uzaktan Eğitim Fakültesi.
Aristoteles. (2017). Politika (3. Basım). (F. Akderin, Çev.) İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
Aziz, A. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri ve teknikleri. Ankara: Nobel Akademik.
Bennett, S. E. ve Bennett, L. L. (1986). Political participation. Annual Review of Political Science, 1, 157-204.
Bimber, B. ve Copeland, L. (2013). Digital media and traditional political participation over time in the U.S.. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 10(2), 125-137.
Boyd, D. M., ve Ellison, N. (2008). Social network sites: Definition, history and scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 210-230.
Boyer, E. L. (1990). Scholarship reconsidered. New York: The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
Cantijoch, M., Cutts , D. J., & Gibson, R. (2013). Internet use and political engagement: The role of e-campaigning as a pathway to online political participation. Erişim tarihi: 13.02.2021. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/538243k2
Carpentier, N. (2011). Media and participation: A site of ideological-democratic struggle. Bristol: Intellect.
Castells, M. ve Ince, M. (2006). Manuel Castells'le söyleşiler. (E. Kılıç, Çev.) İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
Crosbie, V. (2002). Digital deliverance. Erişim tarihi: 03.01.2021 http://www.digitaldeliverance.com/
Çağlar, N. (2011). 2007 genel seçimlerinde yerel medyada kadın adayın temsili: Antalya ve Isparta örneği. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Isparta.
Çaha, Ö., Toprak, M. & Dalmış, İ. (1996). Siyasal parti üyelerinde siyasal katılım düzeyi: Kırıkkale örneği. Yeni Türkiye Dergisi, 96(6), 205-247.
Daver, B. (1969). Siyaset bilimine giriş. Ankara: Doğan Yayınevi.
Devran, Y. (2004). Siyasal kampanya yönetimi. İstanbul: Odak İletişim.
Durdu, Z. (2013). Türkiye’de siyasal kültürü anlamak. Ankara: Kadim Yayınları.
Electoral Commission Of The UK. (tarih yok). Erişim tarihi: 13.02.2021. https://www.facebook.com/electoralcommissionuk
Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C. & Lampe, C. (2007). The benefits of facebook “Friends:” Social capital and college students’ use of online social network sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(4), 1143–1168.
Gibson, R. K. ve McAllister, I. (2013). Online social ties and political engagement. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 10(1), 21-34.
Golding, P. ve Murdock, G. (2001). Digital divides: Communications policy and its contradictions. New Economy, 8(2), 110–115.
Görün, M. (2006). Yerel demokrasi ve katılım: İzmir, Konya ve Ağrı il genel meclis üyeleri üzerinde bir araştırma. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 159-184.
Hsieha, Y. P. ve Lib, M. H. (2014). Online political participation, civic talk, and media multiplexity: How Taiwanese citizens express political opinions on the web. Information, Communication & Society, 17(1), 26-44.
International IDEA. (2015). Youth participation in electoral processes: New roles for African electoral management bodies. Erişim tarihi: 22.10.2020. https://www.idea.int/publications/catalogue/youth-participation-electoral-processes-new-roles-african-electoral
Jenkins, H. (2016). Cesur yeni medya teknolojiler ve hayran kültürü. (N. Yeğengil, Çev.) İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
Jiang, L. (2016). The effects of the internet on online and offline political participation among citizens in Australia. 66th Annual International Conference of British Political Science Association 21 - 23 March. Brighton.
Kaplan, A. M. ve Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59–68. Karasar, N. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Akademik.
Kim, Y. ve Chen, H. T. (2016). Social media and online political participation: The mediating role of exposure to cross-cutting and like-minded perspectives. Telematics and Informatics, 33(2), 320–330.
Kutlu, A. (2018). Dönüşen medya çağında siyasal katılım: İstanbul’da yaşayan 18-22 yaş seçmen örneği. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, 5(3), 90 – 106.
Lee, M. J. ve McLoughlin, C. (2010). Web 2.0-based e-learning: Applying social informatics for tertiary teaching. Hershey: Information Science Reference.
Mahmud, A. ve Amin, R. (2017). Use of social networking media ın political participation: A study on Dhaka University students. Sociology and Anthropology, 5(6), 481-488.
Manovich, L. (2003). New media from Borges to HTML. In N. Wardrip-Fruin, & N. Montfort (Ed.), Introduction to the new media reader. (ss. 12-25). Cambridge: The MIT Press.
McKenzie, E. (2017). Getting the youth to tick: How Newshub’s engaging young voters. Stop Press NZ. Erişim tarihi: 22.10.2020. https://stoppress.co.nz/news/getting-youth-tick-how-newshubs-engaging-young-voters/
McLeod, J. M., Scheufele, D., & Moy, P. (2010). Community, communication, and participation: The role of mass media and interpersonal discussion in local political participation. Political Communication, 16(3), 315-336.
Odabaşı, H. F., Fırat , M., İzmirli , S., Çankaya , S., & Mısırlı, Z. A. (2010). Küreselleşen dünyada akademisyen olmak. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(3), 127-142.
Özyurt, C. (2010). Üniversite öğrencilerinin siyasal katılım davranışları: 29 Mart 2009 yerel seçimleri, Balıkesir örneği. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(33), 289 – 320.
Papagiannidis, S. ve Manika, D. (2016). Political participation and engagement via different online and offline channels. International Journal of E-Business Research, 12(4), 1-22.
Park, H. M. ve Perry, J. L. (2008). Do campaign web sites really matter in electoral civic engagement? Empirical evidence from the 2004 post–election internet tracking survey. Social Science Computer Review, 26(2), 190–212.
Schulz, W. (2005). Political efficacy and expected participation among lower and upper secondary students. A comparative analysis with data from the IEA civic education study. Erişim tarihi: 22.10.2020. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/39728730_Political_Efficacy_and_Expected_Participation_among_Lower_and_Upper_Secondary_Students_A_comparative_analysis_with_data_from_the_IEA_Civic_Education_Study/citations
Siedschlag, A. (2007). Digital democracy and its application to the international arena – from “deliberation” to “decision”. Erişim tarihi: 14.11.2020. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242295568.
Sotirovic, M. ve McLeod, J. (2001). Values, communication behavior, and political participation. Political Communication, 18(3), 273-300.
Stetka, V., Mackova, A., & Fialova, M. (2014). A winding road from “likes” to votes. In B. Patrut, & M. Patrut (Ed.), Social media in politics case studies on the political power of social media. (ss. 225-244). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
Stevenson, N. (2006). Medya kültürleri: Sosyal teori ve kitle iletişimi. (B. E. Aksoy, Çev.) Ankara: Ütopya Yayınevi.
Verba, S., Schlozman , K. L., & Brady, H. E. (1995). Voice and equality: Civic voluntarism in American politics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
We Are Social. (2021). Digital 2021: Turkey. Erişim tarihi: 12.04.2021. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2021-turkey
Weimann, G. (1994). The influentials: People who influence people. Albany: State Unversity.
Wong, J. C. (2019). Facebook to be fined $5bn for Cambridge Analytica privacy violations – reports. Erişim tarihi: 09.07.2021. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/jul/12/facebook-fine-ftc- privacy-violations.
Zúñiga, H. G. ve Chen, H. T. (2019). Digital media and politics: Effects of the great information and communication divides. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 63(3), 365-373.
Zúñiga, H. G., Jung, N., & Valenzuela, S. (2012). Social media use for news and individuals’ social capital, civic engagement and political participation. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 17(3), 319–336.

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Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Communication and Media Studies
Journal Section	Research Articles
Authors	Gökhan Gürbüz
Publication Date	July 30, 2021
Submission Date	June 28, 2021
Published in Issue	Year 2021 Volume: 1 Issue: 2

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APA	Gürbüz, G. (2021). AKADEMİSYENLERİN YENİ MEDYADAKİ SİYASAL KATILIMLARI ÜZERİNDEN BİR ALAN ARAŞTIRMASI. International Journal of Communication and Media Research, 1(2), 188-206.

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